Microstructure and mechanical properties of additive manufactured copper alloy

Popovich, Anatoly; Sufiiarov, Vadim; Polozov, Igor; Борисов, Е. В.; Masaylo, Dmitriy; Orlov, Alexey

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2016.05.064

Cited by 172 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As an example, Sood et al [11] investigated the effect of printing parameters such as orientation, layer thickness, and air gaps on the quality of printed parts by studying their flexural, tensile, and impact strength. Schopper et al [12] investigated the effect of build direction on the compression properties of FDM built parts and observed higher compressive modulus and yield strength of built parts in the horizontal direction in comparison to the specimens built in the vertical direction [13]. In turn, Caneiro et al [5] investigated the effect of the layer thickness by comparing samples produced with layer thicknesses of 0.20 and 0.35 mm and results have shown higher tensile stress with an increasing layer thickness which was attributed to the lower number of interfaces between filaments.…”

Section: Materials Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dynamic Response of Dense 3 Dimensionally Printed Polylactic Acid

Agu

Hameed

Appleby-Thomas

et al. 2019

J. dynamic behavior mater.

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Polylactic acid (PLA) is commonly used as a feedstock material for commercial 3D printing. As components manufactured from such material become more commonplace, it is inevitable that some of the resultant systems will be exposed to high strain-rate/impact events during their design-life (for example, components being dropped or even involved in a high-speed crash). To this end, understanding the shock properties of polylactic acid, in its role as a major raw material for 3D printed components, is of particular importance. In this work, printed samples of PLA were deformed by one-dimensional shock waves generated via the plate impact technique, allowing determination of both the Hugoniot Equation of State (EOS) and shear strength of the material. Both linear and non-linear EOS forms were considered in the U S -Up plane, with the best-fit found to take the general form U S = 1.28 + 3.06 − 1.09U 2 p in the U s −U p plane, consistent with other polymers. Use of lateral Manganin gauges embedded in the material flow allowed consideration of lateral stress evolution at impact pressures ranging from 0.3 to 4.0 GPa. Shear strength was observed to increase with impact stress, however, with minimal strengthening behind the shock front. Deviation of the measured stress from the predicted elastic measurement (corresponding to the PLA's Hugoniot Elastic Limit) was observed at longitudinal stress of 0.90 ± 0.05 GPa, within range of polymeric materials of similar characteristics-the first time this important parameter has been measured for PLA. As a result, this material characterisation will allow numerical modellers to accurately predict the structural response of PLA-based components/structures against high strain rates such as impacts or drops.

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Section: Materials Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dynamic Response of Dense 3 Dimensionally Printed Polylactic Acid

Agu

Hameed

Appleby-Thomas

et al. 2019

J. dynamic behavior mater.

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“…In [27], parameter studies on oxygen-free, high-conductivity (OFHC) copper with small amount of phosphor (0.03-0.6 wt.%) were performed and samples reached relative densities of only 92% for laser sources of 300 W (1060 nm). For Cu-Cr-Zr-Ti alloys, a density of 97.9% was obtained [28], when using a laser source of 400 W. However, the porosity led to a reduction of the ultimate tensile strength of 20 to 25% compared to hot-rolled samples, which might be caused by residual porosity in the LPBF material [28]. When increasing the laser source to a value of 2000 W, relative densities of 99.98% could be reached for CuCr0.5 [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive manufacturing of CuCr1Zr by development of a gas atomization and laser powder bed fusion routine

Jahns

Bappert

Böhlke

et al. 2020

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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The research focuses on alloy design, powder production, and laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of copper alloys. Copper and its alloys play a fundamental role for modern industrial applications due to their excellent thermal and electric conductivity in conjunction with considerable mechanical strength, for example, as welding electrodes and nozzles. By precipitation hardening, the hardness of low-alloyed copper, like CuCr1Zr, can be increased significantly. A combination of the geometry freedom of additive manufacturing with a tailor-made alloy design during powder production offers the opportunity to develop new alloy systems with a focus on the respective application. Experimental results regarding gas atomization, LPBF, property investigations, and property optimization of CuCr1Zr are presented. Powder particles and LPBF parts were analyzed with respect to phase and precipitate formation and compared to benchmark experiments of conventionally cast copper alloys. The microstructure differs significantly. Furthermore, the relative density of the LPBF parts reaches a value of 99.8%.

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“…This process has been used successfully to fabricate parts made of titanium alloys [10], stainless steel [11], CoCrMo alloys [12,13], and copper alloys [14]. In SLM, a continuous molten track needs to be formed in order to achieve densification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dense Pure Tungsten Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2017

Applied Sciences

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Additive manufacturing using tungsten, a brittle material, is difficult because of its high melting point, thermal conductivity, and oxidation tendency. In this study, pure tungsten parts with densities of up to 18.53 g/cm 3 (i.e., 96.0% of the theoretical density) were fabricated by selective laser melting. In order to minimize balling effects, the raw polyhedral tungsten powders underwent a spheroidization process before laser consolidation. Compared with polyhedral powders, the spherical powders showed increased laser absorptivity and packing density, which helped in the formation of a continuous molten track and promoted densification.

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of additive manufactured copper alloy

Cited by 172 publications

References 12 publications

The Dynamic Response of Dense 3 Dimensionally Printed Polylactic Acid

The Dynamic Response of Dense 3 Dimensionally Printed Polylactic Acid

Additive manufacturing of CuCr1Zr by development of a gas atomization and laser powder bed fusion routine

Dense Pure Tungsten Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

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