Microstructure and mechanical properties investigation of CP titanium processed by selective laser melting (SLM)

Wysocki, Bartłomiej; Maj, P.; Krawczyńska, Agnieszka; Rożniatowski, K.; Zdunek, Joanna; Kurzydłowski, Krzysztof J.; Święszkowski, Wojciech

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.10.022

Cited by 155 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…According to the available literature, this phenomenon may be caused by two independent factors. First of all, from the previous research of the authors [37], the results suggest that oxygen addition plays a significant role in solution hardening of technical-grade titanium. Pronounced strengthening effects arise from athermal shuffling of the interstitial O atoms by the screw dislocations, impeding line defect motion [87].…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…This works either by setting an additional laser to preheat the powder to temperatures below its melting point [35] or to adjust the building table temperature to a commercially-available maximum of 300 • C [36]. SLM machines use argon atmosphere to prevent sample oxidation, but there is a possibility to perform a process in a controlled atmosphere to enhance the mechanical properties of fabricated material [37]. EBM machines in contrast to SLM operate under vacuum.…”

Section: Slm and Ebm Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, its elongation was just between 2 and 3%. Poor ductility of the SLM-fabricated sample has been connected with its high porosity [37] and sharp acicular α' precipitates. The density of the 15-mm sample was small due to the presence of pores and regions with powder, which did not melt properly.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The UTS strength was above 900 MPa, and the elongation about 12%. Thanks to their microstructure, high residual stress and oxygen strengthening [37], the SLM-fabricated material had much higher hardness than the EBM-fabricated and the wrought Ti-6Al-4V materials. The larger epitaxially-grown grains produced in the samples fabricated by the SLM method than in the samples obtained by other methods have not caused any larger hardness anisotropy in the XY and XZ directions than in the EBM fabricated materials.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser and Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing Methods of Fabricating Titanium Bone Implants

et al. 2017

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Featured Application: This work is a detailed comparison of the direct laser and electron additive manufacturing methods, which could help scientific research institutes and companies choose the best 3D printer system for the fabrication of titanium implants.Abstract: Additive Manufacturing (AM) methods are generally used to produce an early sample or near net-shape elements based on three-dimensional geometrical modules. To date, publications on AM of metal implants have mainly focused on knee and hip replacements or bone scaffolds for tissue engineering. The direct fabrication of metallic implants can be achieved by methods, such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) or Electron Beam Melting (EBM). This work compares the SLM and EBM methods used in the fabrication of titanium bone implants by analyzing the microstructure, mechanical properties and cytotoxicity. The SLM process was conducted in an environmental chamber using 0.4-0.6 vol % of oxygen to enhance the mechanical properties of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy. SLM processed material had high anisotropy of mechanical properties and superior UTS (1246-1421 MPa) when compared to the EBM (972-976 MPa) and the wrought material (933-942 MPa). The microstructure and phase composition depended on the used fabrication method. The AM methods caused the formation of long epitaxial grains of the prior β phase. The equilibrium phases (α + β) and non-equilibrium α' martensite was obtained after EBM and SLM, respectively. Although it was found that the heat transfer that occurs during the layer by layer generation of the component caused aluminum content deviations, neither methods generated any cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, in contrast to SLM, the EBM fabricated material met the ASTMF136 standard for surgical implant applications.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Slm and Ebm Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser and Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing Methods of Fabricating Titanium Bone Implants

et al. 2017

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“…Strength and stiffness, corrosion behavior, and process accuracy fulfill requirements for medical and dental parts, which can be produced efficiently and with high precision. Marcu et al [26] manufactured the Ti-6Al-7Nb with hydroxyapatite (HAp) using a laser power of 50 W. Li et al [27] in the study of manufacturing by SLM method used two different laser powers: high laser power 250 W and low laser power 50 W. Recently, Wysocki et al [28] proposed manufacturing process by SLM method from commercially pure titanium in a regulated reactive atmosphere with a slight addition of oxygen (0.2-0.4 vol.%) to enhance the mechanical properties of the material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prosthetic Elements Made of the Ti-13Zr-13Nb Alloy by Selective Laser Melting

Seramak

Zasińska

Zieliński

et al. 2017

Advances in Materials Science

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The fabrication of the prosthetic foundations and bridges from the Ti-13Zr-13Nb alloy is described. The process was started from CAD/CAM design of 3D models of the foundations based on scanning of patient`s mouth. Next, 3D models were transformed into *.stl files for the manufacturing stage and then the manufacturing process by means of the selective laser melting with the SLM Realizer 100 equipment was made. The intrinsic structure of the obtained parts was investigated with X-ray microtomography. The observed imperfections in the foundation's internal structure can be eliminated by a proper setting of the laser melting process. The thermal stresses, which resulted of the temperature change during melting and caused the bending of titanium made bridges, were eliminated at a design stage.

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Metal Alloys for Fusion‐Based Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2018

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Metal additive manufacturing (AM) is an innovative manufacturing technique, which builds parts incrementally layer by layer. Thus, metal AM has inherent advantages in part complexity, time, and waste saving. However, due to its complex thermal cycle and rapid solidification during processing, the alloys well suit and commercially used for metal AM today are limited. Therefore, it is important to understand the alloying strategy and current progress with materials performance to consider alloy development for metal AM. This review presents the current range of alloys available for metal AM, including titanium, steel, nickel, aluminum, less common alloys (including Mg alloys, metal matrix composites alloys, and low melting point alloys), and compositionally complex alloys (including bulk metallic glasses and high entropy alloys) with a focus on the relationship between compositions, processing, microstructures, and properties of each alloy system. In addition, some promising alloy systems for metal AM are highlighted. Approaches for designing and optimizing new materials for metal AM have been summarized.

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Microstructure and mechanical properties investigation of CP titanium processed by selective laser melting (SLM)

Cited by 155 publications

References 28 publications

Laser and Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing Methods of Fabricating Titanium Bone Implants

Laser and Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing Methods of Fabricating Titanium Bone Implants

Prosthetic Elements Made of the Ti-13Zr-13Nb Alloy by Selective Laser Melting

Metal Alloys for Fusion‐Based Additive Manufacturing

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