Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of NiP Alloys

Alleg, S.; Boussaha, Ali; Tebib, W.; Zergoug, M.; Suñol, Joan Josep

doi:10.1007/s10948-016-3397-2

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Starting from these premises, we developed a novel and highly scalable manufacturing strategy for electrocatalytic Ni 2 P. As the first step, we electrochemically codeposited a metastable Ni–P solid solution matrix together with elemental phosphorus particles. − An annealing step was then performed to favor P interdiffusion in the Ni–P matrix and formation of phosphide phases. A similar approach has been employed in the past for the fabrication of corrosion-resistant copper–phosphorus alloys .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…P) because of the compositional limit (25% at.) in P content typical of electrolytic deposition. , A possible way to overcome this limit is the codeposition of elemental P particles with Ni–P. It must be emphasized that, by doing this, the source of P for phosphorization is directly embedded in the deposited layer, with no need of a P containing atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nickel Phosphides Fabricated through a Codeposition–Annealing Technique as Low-Cost Electrocatalytic Layers for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Bernasconi

Khalil

Iaquinta

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Water splitting will be one of the most strategic techniques in the upcoming hydrogen-based economy. In this context, the development of efficient and low-cost Pt-free electrocatalysts is crucial to make it economically viable. The present work proposes a low-cost and scalable methodology to produce electrocatalytic layers based on nickel phosphide for hydrogen evolution reaction. In particular, a nickel–phosphorus solid solution is electrolytically codeposited together with red phosphorus particles. This approach overcomes the compositional limit typical of electrodeposited Ni–P by providing a supplementary phosphorous source directly embedded in the layer and makes it possible to synthesize high-P phosphides such as Ni12P5 and Ni2P. The obtained composites are subjected to different annealing cycles to precipitate phosphides, evidencing a major influence of process conditions on the final phase composition. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals the presence of a phosphorus-depleted region in correspondence of the surface of the samples. Finally, layers are tested to assess their electrocatalytic performances, and the effects of annealing time and catalyst loading are investigated. Samples with an optimized content of Ni2P evidence the lowest overpotential values, with 224 mV at 10 mA/cm2, and good stability over time.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel Phosphides Fabricated through a Codeposition–Annealing Technique as Low-Cost Electrocatalytic Layers for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Bernasconi

Khalil

Iaquinta

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…The results are consistent with already reported studies. 9,10 For the lowest H 3 PO 3 concentration, phosphorus contents decrease with the current density. In all cases, plateaus seem to be reached at high current density.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micromolding of Ni-P with Reduced Ferromagnetic Properties for 3D MEMS

Risquez

Woytasik

Cai

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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This paper presents the development of nickel phosphorus (Ni-P) micromolding for the manufacturing of a 3D electrostatic energy harvesting microsystem. Ni-P alloy exhibits weak ferromagnetic properties beyond 10-12 wt% phosphorus content. Deposits were prepared at different current densities (−10 to −150 mA/cm 2 ) and concentration of phosphorous acid in the electrolyte (0-20 g/l). It was found that the deposition rate decreases when phosphorus content increases in the deposit. The final process leaded the choice of a H 3 PO 3 concentration of 5 g/l to reach a 0.1 μm/min deposition rate for phosphorus content higher than 13 wt%. Mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties of the Ni-P films were investigated on 1 mm 2 and 1 cm 2 square deposit and confirmed the suitability of that material for the target MEMS. Comb patterns of micromolded Ni-P have been realized on a 2-inch wafer, leading to a 10 μm thick deposit containing 13.5 wt% in P, which is, at our knowledge, the first high phosphorus Ni-P micromolding involving electrodeposition growth for 3D MEMS applications. The latest generation of pacemaker, lead-free, is directly implanted in the cardiac cavities of the heart, thus improving considerably patient comfort and reducing complications with common pacemaker such as lead failure. However, leadless pacemakers should overcome several issues such as the limited lifespan of the lithium-based battery used to supply those pacemakers. This involves a surgery of the patient every 7 to 10 years, whereas about 45% of patients survive more than 10 years after their first pacemaker implantation.1 The challenge for improving pacemaker's lifetime explains the strong interest for harvesting energy from the heart, which is a long reliable energy source.Among the solution leading to a volume compatible with implantation in the heart by intravenous catheter, energy harvesting from inertial movement seems promising once its design challenges the very low fundamental heart beat frequencies (1-3 Hz).2 Our team has already proposed such a design for an out-of-plane overlap electrostatic energy harvesting MEMS that would be able to harvest about 10 μW in average power. 3 The final layout of the proposed device is presented in Figure 1. The device is 5.5 mm in diameter and will have a total height of 1 mm.The fabrication process of such device is compatible with other types of 3D MEMS and is based on an original additive process (Figure 2) combining alternative electroplating of a patterned structural material (nickel) and a sacrificial material (copper). Nickel and copper have been chosen respectively for their mechanical properties, their high growth rate and the high etching selectivity of copper against nickel during wet etching. Electroplating is a low cost, fast and simple fabrication process which makes it very suitable for thick film growth. When combined with a lithography step in the micromolding process, film patterning is achieved (Figure 2a) by localized growth inside the mold. Finally the process is completed by ...

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“…Owing to the variations of the pH value at the electrode-solution interface inherent to the Ni-P electroplating process, phosphorus content varies across Ni-P deposit thickness, hence its composition and microstructure are not homogeneous (Section 7). Alkaline solutions are more influenced by the pH variations compared to acidic ones, thus electrodeposits produced in this environment are often characterized by a lamellar structure [79].…”

Section: Crystallographic Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, amorphous alloys (11.7 and 13 wt.% P) were not homogeneous on a microscale and films contained microcrystalline regions. Ni-P electrodeposits displaying a structure that represents a mixture of solid Ni(P) solutions and amorphous or nanocrystalline phases have been reported [79].…”

Section: Crystallographic Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Ni-P coatings electroplating - A review, Part I: Pure Ni-P alloy

Lelevic

2018

Preprint

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In the electroplating industry Ni-P coatings are extensively employed owing to their excellent properties which enable substrate protection against corrosion and wear. Depending on their composition and structure, as-plated deposits demonstrate good mechanical, tribological and electrochemical features, catalytic activity but also beneficial magnetic characteristics. With subsequent thermal treatment hardness of Ni-P metal-metalloid system can approach or be even higher than that of hard Cr coatings. The purpose of this paper is to provide a general survey of the research work dealing with the electrodeposition of Ni-P binary alloy coatings. Proposed phosphorus incorporation mechanisms, Ni-P alloy microstructure before and after thermal treatment, its mechanical, tribological, corrosion, catalytic and magnetic properties are considered, so are the key process variables influencing phosphorus content in the deposits and the roles of the main electrolytic bath constituents. Findings on the merits of employing pulse plating and fabrication of unconventional (layered and functionally graded) structures are succinctly explored.

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Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of NiP Alloys

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

Nickel Phosphides Fabricated through a Codeposition–Annealing Technique as Low-Cost Electrocatalytic Layers for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Nickel Phosphides Fabricated through a Codeposition–Annealing Technique as Low-Cost Electrocatalytic Layers for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Micromolding of Ni-P with Reduced Ferromagnetic Properties for 3D MEMS

Ni-P coatings electroplating - A review, Part I: Pure Ni-P alloy

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