Microstructure and interface characterization of dissimilar friction stir welded lap joints between Ti–6Al–4V and AISI 304

Campo, Kaio Niitsu; Campanelli, Leonardo Contri; Bergmann, Luciano; Santos, Jorge F. dos; Bolfarini, Claudemiro

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2013.11.002

Cited by 46 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Campo et al. 10 have investigated the microstructure and interface characterization of dissimilar friction-stir welded lap joints between Ti–6Al–4V and AISI 304. Their results showed that a lamellar microstructure was formed in the stir zone (SZ) of Ti, where grain size was found to increase with increasing rotational speed, and austenitic equiaxed grains were obtained near the interface of steel coupon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some investigators have studied the dissimilar FSW of various metals and alloys. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Song et al 9 studied the effect of probe offset distance during dissimilar butt FSW of Ti6Al4V alloy and 6061 aluminum alloy. Their results indicated that at lower probe offsets, the defects formed in the joints, and at higher values of probe offsets, the amount of brittle intermetallic compounds increased, which caused to lower mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dissimilar friction-stir welding of 430 stainless steel and 6061 aluminum alloy: Microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints

Zandsalimi

Heidarzadeh

Saeid

2018

Proceedings of the IMechE

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The effect of friction-stir welding parameters on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the dissimilar 430 stainless steel and 6061 aluminum alloy joints were investigated. Optical and scanning electron microscopes in conjunction with energy dispersive X-ray analysis were employed to study the microstructure of the joints. Tensile and microhardness tests were used to evaluate the mechanical properties. The results showed that the best appearance quality was achieved at a rotational speed of 900 r/min, a traverse speed of 120 mm/min, and a tool offset of zero. The tool offset was the most effective parameter affecting the weld quality. The stir zone of the joints had a composite structure in which the dispatched steel particles were distributed in aluminum. The best interface quality belonged to the joints welded at an offset of zero, which had a serrated nature with mechanical locking of the dissimilar parts. However, at negative and positive values of offsets, formation of voids and microcracks reduced the tensile properties of the joints. The tensile fracture of the joints occurred in the heat affected zone of the aluminum part, which had the lowest hardness amount between the microstructural zones. The fracture surfaces of the tensile specimens showed bimodal behavior.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissimilar friction-stir welding of 430 stainless steel and 6061 aluminum alloy: Microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints

Zandsalimi

Heidarzadeh

Saeid

2018

Proceedings of the IMechE

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“…Several investigations verified the capability of FSW for realizing dissimilar joints of the same base metal but different alloys [5,6], different metals with similar physical and chemical properties [7,8], different metals with dissimilar physical and chemical properties [9,10] as well as metals with non-metals [11]. In this context friction stir welded aluminum/steel joints pose an important representative in the group of dissimilar joints with different physical and chemical properties, which can be found in several industrial fields such as shipbuilding (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Analysis of the Oscillation Behavior of Hybrid Aluminum/Steel Joints Realized by Ultrasound Enhanced Friction Stir Welding

Thomä

Gester

Wagner

et al. 2020

Metals

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Friction stir welding (FSW) is an innovative solid-state joining process, which is suitable for joining dissimilar materials with strongly differing physical and chemical properties such as aluminum and steel. Where other joining methods such as fusion welding struggle to achieve appropriate joint strengths due to the excessive formation of brittle aluminum-rich intermetallic phases (IMP), FSW joints of aluminum and steel only show small layers of IMP, thus, sufficient tensile strengths in proximity to the maximum tensile strength of the weaker aluminum base material can be reached. With the aim to optimize the mechanical and microstructural properties of such dissimilar joints for widening the field for possible industrial applications, several hybrid friction stir welding methods have been developed which include an additional energy input, whereas the ultrasound enhancement (USE-FSW) is one of the most promising. The current work was carried out on AA6061/DC04 joints which were successfully friction stir welded with and without ultrasound support, in respect to the influence of varying the ultrasound transmission side. The functionality of the USE-FSW setup could be verified by multi point laser vibrometer measurements. Additionally, a higher proportion of transversal oscillation for the transmission of power ultrasound into aluminum could be detected using a scanning vibrometer. In comparison to the conventionally friction stir welded joints the ultrasound enhancement led to an avoidance of weld defects and an increase of the steel particle volume in the stir zone. The joint produced with power ultrasound transmission via aluminum resulted in a more uniform interface.

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“…Dissimilar FSW of different metals and alloys has been one of the hot topics in the field of joining of materials and has been studied by many researchers. 9–22 For example, Song et al. 10 investigated the influence of probe offset distance during dissimilar but FSW of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V and aluminum alloy A6061-T6 with 2 mm thickness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, Campo et al. 11 have discovered the microstructure and interface properties of the dissimilar friction stir welded joints of Ti-6Al-4 V titanium alloy and AISI 304 stainless steel. They exhibited that sound joints can be reached when the titanium alloy sheet was set as the upper workpiece and the process was conducted at a welding speed of 1 mm/s and rotational speeds of the 300 and 500 r/min.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underwater dissimilar friction stir welding of aluminum alloys: Elucidating the grain size and hardness of the joints

Bijanrostami

Barenji

2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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Underwater dissimilar friction stir welding of the AA6061 and AA7075 aluminum alloys was performed in this study. The effect of friction stir welding parameters on the grain size and hardness of the joints was studied using empirical models. The microstructure of the joints was characterized by means of light and transmission electron microscopes. The Vickers hardness test was conducted to measure the hardness of the joints. In addition, the process parameters including traverse and rotational speeds, grain size and hardness of the joints were correlated. The results revealed that the developed models predicted the hardness and grain size of the joints, precisely. Higher traverse speed and lower rotational speeds resulted in finer grain size and larger hardness. The grain boundaries and dislocations were identified as responsible for the higher hardness of the joints welded at lower heat input conditions. Moreover, the Hall–Petch relationship showed a deviation from its linear classical equation, which was due to the formation of substructures such as dislocations inside the grains.

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Microstructure and interface characterization of dissimilar friction stir welded lap joints between Ti–6Al–4V and AISI 304

Cited by 46 publications

References 19 publications

Dissimilar friction-stir welding of 430 stainless steel and 6061 aluminum alloy: Microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints

Dissimilar friction-stir welding of 430 stainless steel and 6061 aluminum alloy: Microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints

Analysis of the Oscillation Behavior of Hybrid Aluminum/Steel Joints Realized by Ultrasound Enhanced Friction Stir Welding

Underwater dissimilar friction stir welding of aluminum alloys: Elucidating the grain size and hardness of the joints

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