Microstructure and adhesion characteristics of duplex coatings with different plasma‐nitrided layers and a <scp>Cr‐Al‐Ti‐B‐N</scp> physical vapor deposition coating

Dalke, Anke; Weinhold, Tom; Schramm, Alexander; Wüstefeld, Christina; Ratayski, Ulrike; Sochora, Vjačeslav; Biermann, Horst; Rafaja, David

doi:10.1002/eng2.12364

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Vickers HV0.1 indentations were made in the transverse cross sections of the samples at intervals of 5 μm, starting at a distance of 20 μm from the coating. The corresponding as‐nitrided conditions without a PVD layer (PN0, PN1, PN1‐8) are not presented because no differences could be identified 39 . The duplex condition PN1‐1‐C was also omitted because the difference to PN1‐C was negligible.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sliding wear behavior of duplex coatings with different plasma nitride layers and a Cr‐Al‐Ti‐B‐N coating

Weinhold

Dalke

Schramm

et al. 2021

Engineering Reports

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The dry sliding wear behavior of AISI D2 tool steel is investigated under different heat treatment states in hardened, plasma nitrided, and duplex layer conditions. Plasma nitriding (PN) is performed at 510-520 • C with varying N 2 -H 2 gas mixtures, and Cr-Al-Ti-B-N layers are deposited at 480 • C by means of physical vapor deposition (PVD). This work investigates the influence of the nitride layer and, in particular, the presence of a compound layer on the tribological behavior of the duplex layer system. Therefore, as-nitrided conditions both without and with a compound layer -as well as with a mechanically removed compound layer -are subsequently hard coated. Comparative ball-on-disc wear tests in linear-reciprocating sliding motion against WC-Co counterbody balls are conducted at a load of 120 N. Compared to sample states without a compound layer, the as-nitrided states with a compound layer exhibit improved wear coefficients. In contrast, all duplex layer states exhibit comparably low friction coefficients and low wear coefficients independently of the presence of a compound layer.Removal of the compound layer prior to PVD coating leads to a significant reduction in wear resistance due to reduced surface roughness before the hard coating and the associated change in the bonding between the nitride layer and hard coating. K E Y W O R D Scompound layer, duplex surface engineering, friction and wear, plasma nitriding, PVD hard coating INTRODUCTIONTool steels are the preferred materials for most fields of application with demanding tribological working conditions -such as die casting, forging, stamping, cutting, and rolling. [1][2][3] One widely used representative of this group of steels is X155CrVMo12-1 (AISI D2), which is applied in complex applications involving, for example, high normal loads and sliding speeds. 4,5 In order to counteract the associated reduction in tool life, hard coatings produced by surface treatment techniques such as plasma nitriding (PN) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) hard coating are commonly applied. PN affords significant improvements in surface hardness, fatigue strength, corrosion, and wear resistance 3,4,6 compared to conventional steels. However, nitrided layers do not provide sufficient resistance in highly aggressive environments or under heavy mechanical stresses. [2][3][4]6,7 PVD hard coatings are mainly used because of their high hardness and excellentThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The corresponding as-nitrided conditions without a PVD layer (PN0, PN1, PN1-8) are not presented because no differences could be identified. 39 The duplex condition PN1-1-C was also omitted because the difference to PN1-C was negligible. The surface polishing process lowered the surface roughness (cf.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sliding wear behavior of duplex coatings with different plasma nitride layers and a Cr‐Al‐Ti‐B‐N coating

Weinhold

Dalke

Schramm

et al. 2021

Engineering Reports

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“…The compressive loads acting on the nitrided layer may have influenced the adhesion of the films to the substrates. Compressive loads provide mechanical support to the substrate surface thus promoting an increase in load loading and unloading capacity [9,21,22].…”

Section: Hardness and Elastic Modulusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5] and Dalke et al [22]. Recco et al [5] evaluated the adhesion quality of TiN on H13 steel substrates.…”

Section: Hardness and Elastic Modulusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They concluded that the improvement in the coating-substrate adhesion occurred due to the pre-treatment of the substrate via plasma nitriding. Likewise, Dalke et al [22] obtained Cr-Al-Ti-B-N films via duplex treatment. The authors concluded that the surface hardening of the substrate via nitriding influenced improving the coating-substrate adhesion quality.…”

Section: Hardness and Elastic Modulusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Duplex treatment on AISI D2 tool steel: plasma nitriding and reactive deposition of TiN and TiAlN films via magnetron sputtering

Moretti

Recco

2022

Matéria (Rio J.)

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In this work, titanium nitride (TiN) and titanium aluminum nitride (TiAIN) films have been obtained via triode magnetron sputtering. The films were deposited using a direct current source on plasma nitrided AISI D2 tool steel (duplex treatment), non-nitrided steel, and silicon. The nitrided layer was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Vickers microhardness, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The films were characterized by SEM and XRD. The mechanical properties of the coatings were determined using the instrumented indentation technique (IIT) and the adhesion of the film to the substrate was qualitatively evaluated using the Rockwell C test. Both films presented no significant variation in hardness (H) and elastic modulus (E). However, compared to the films obtained in non-nitrided steel, the duplex treatment improvided the film-substrate adhesion. The improvement in adhesion can be attributed to the preliminary plasma nitriding treatment and the compressive loads acting on the nitrided surface.

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Influence of elevated temperature and reduced pressure on the degradation of iron nitride compound layer formed by plasma nitriding in AISI D2 tool steels

Ratayski

Schimpf

Wüstefeld

et al. 2021

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The stability of an iron nitride compound layer prepared by plasma nitriding of AISI D2 tool steel is investigated using in situ high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction at rising temperature up to 470°C and for an isothermal treatment at 450°C. Both kinds of experiment were carried out in vacuum. For all treatments, the iron nitride compound layer, which consists mainly of ε‐Fe3N, decomposes and forms an α‐Fe ‘black’ layer. The stability of the iron nitride compound layer is discussed in terms of the phase composition, the relative change of the lattice parameter, the nitrogen content and the decomposition kinetic. The decomposition takes place via a phase transition in two steps: (i) the out‐diffusion of nitrogen from ε‐Fe3N above an annealing temperature of 300°C and (ii) the transformation of ε‐Fe3Ny into α‐Fe when the nitrogen content (y) declines below 0.66. The second step is accompanied by the formation of Fe3C precipitates at about 450°C.

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Microstructure and adhesion characteristics of duplex coatings with different plasma‐nitrided layers and a Cr‐Al‐Ti‐B‐N physical vapor deposition coating

Cited by 4 publications

References 51 publications

Sliding wear behavior of duplex coatings with different plasma nitride layers and a Cr‐Al‐Ti‐B‐N coating

Sliding wear behavior of duplex coatings with different plasma nitride layers and a Cr‐Al‐Ti‐B‐N coating

Duplex treatment on AISI D2 tool steel: plasma nitriding and reactive deposition of TiN and TiAlN films via magnetron sputtering

Influence of elevated temperature and reduced pressure on the degradation of iron nitride compound layer formed by plasma nitriding in AISI D2 tool steels

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