Microstructural Modifications of As-Cast High-Chromium White Iron by Heat Treatment

Karantzalis, A. E.; Lekatou, A.; Mavros, H.

doi:10.1007/s11665-008-9285-6

Cited by 81 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Many engineering applications require materials with excellent resistance to both corrosion and wear [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. High-Cr white cast irons have excellent wear and corrosion resistance and are inexpensive, and thus have been used for impact coal crusher hammers, pulverizer rings, chute liner, and hardfacing alloys of rolls or molds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exceptional abrasive and erosive wear resistance results primarily from the presence of high volume fraction of very hard eutectic carbides in a strong supporting matrix in their microstructure. The carbides presented in the Fe-Cr-C system are (Fe,C) 3 C, (Fe,Cr) 7 C 3 , (Fe,Cr) 23 C 6 , and (Fe,Cr) 3 C 2 [2][3][4]. In many previous studies [4][5][6], the type and form of eutectic carbides change from M 3 C to M 7 C 3 with an increase in Cr content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wear and Corrosion Behavior of High-Cr White Cast Iron Alloys in Different Corrosive Media

et al. 2015

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This study aims to investigate the effect of Cr/ C ratio on wear and corrosion behavior of a group of highCr white cast iron (HCCI) alloys. Three different alloys of HCCI with different chemical compositions were tested against 3.5 % NaCl, 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 , and 0.5 M NaOH solutions as corrosive media. Electrochemical polarization technique has been used to determine the corrosion current density. The microstructure characteristics of HCCI alloys were analyzed by using optical microscope, SEM, EDS, and XRD. XRD analysis reveals that the microstructure of the HCCI alloys is composed of a network of chromiumrich carbides (M 7 C 3 ) in an austenitic matrix. The abrasive wear resistance of HCCI alloys was found to be rely on their chemical composition and microstructure. The corrosion resistance of the HCCI alloys strongly depends on the Cr/C ratio and the ratio of chromium content in the M 7 C 3 carbide to that in the matrix (CrM 7 C 3 /Matrix). The experimental results of this study showed that the alloy HCCI-2 with the lower Cr/C ratio exhibited the lowest abrasive wear loss while the alloy HCCI-1 with higher Cr/ C ratio exhibited the highest abrasive wear loss. On the other hand, the HCCI-1 alloy was the most corrosion resistant and revealed the lowest current density. In addition, the corrosion current density of all specimens is elevated in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 solution in comparison with 3.5 wt% NaCl and 0.5 M NaOH solutions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wear and Corrosion Behavior of High-Cr White Cast Iron Alloys in Different Corrosive Media

et al. 2015

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“…A rise of temperature range between solid and liquid phases takes place when reducing the chromium content; that is, this range decreases with the increase of the ratio chromium/carbon, while the value is minimum at eutectic temperature [16,17]. Chromium increase (Fig.…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

Microstructural evolution during austempering of a ASTM A-532 CLASS III type high chromium white cast iron undergoing abrasive wear

et al. 2017

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This paper studies the influence of variables such as holding temperatures and times during austempering of High Chromium White Cast Iron (HCWCI), with the following chemical composition: Cr 25 %, C 3 %, Si 0.47 %, Mn 0.74 % and Mo 1.02 %. The aim of the austempering was to modify the percentage of retained austenite and its correlation to abrasive wear resistance under different conditions. Microhardness tests, SEM-EDS and XRD were performed to determine mechanical properties, chemical composition, and type of carbides and microstructures present, respectively. The tests complied with the ASTM G-65 standard. Results showed that the best performance against abrasion was achieved for austempering at 450 ºC with holding time of 6 hours.Keywords: Austempered; Retained austenite; Abrasive wear; High chromium white cast iron; Chromium carbides. ResumenEste trabajo estudia la influencia de variables tales como tiempo y temperatura de sostenimiento durante el austemperado de una fundición blanca al alto cromo con la siguiente composición: Cr, 25 %; C, 3 %; Si, 0.47 %; Mn, 0.74 %, y Mo, 1.02 %. El objetivo del austemperado fue modificar el porcentaje de austenita retenida, y * Ph. D. Universidad del Atlántico (Barranquilla-Atlántico, Colombia). oscarhiguera@mail.uniatlantico.edu.co. ORCID: 0000-0002-4836-5215. ** Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (Pereira-Risaralda, Colombia). *** Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (Pereira-Risaralda, Colombia). **** Ph. D. Universidad del Atlántico (Barranquilla-Atlántico, Colombia). monicamonsalve@mail.uniatlantico.edu.co. ORCID: 0000-0002-9902-8518. ***** Ph. D. Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (Pereira-Risaralda, Colombia). dhmesa@utp.edu.co. Microstructural evolution during austempering of a ASTM A-532 CLASS III type high chromium white cast iron undergoing abrasive wear correlacionarlo con la resistencia al desgaste abrasivo bajo diferentes condiciones; los ensayos fueron realizados según los lineamientos de la norma ASTM G65. Las técnicas de microdureza MEB-EDS y DRX fueron realizadas para determinar las propiedades mecánicas, composición química, tipo de carburos y microestructuras presentes, respectivamente. Los resultados mostraron que la mejor resistencia a la abrasión fue alcanzada a una temperatura de austemperado de 450 ºC y a 6 horas de permanencia.Palabras clave: Austemperado; Austenita retenida; Desgaste abrasivo; Fundiciones al alto cromo; Carburos de cromo. ResumoEste trabalho estuda a influência de variáveis tais como tempo e temperatura de sustentabilidade durante o austemperado de uma fundição branca ao alto cromo com a seguinte composição: Cr, 25 %; C, 3 %; Si, 0.47 %; Mn, 0.74 %, e Mo, 1.02 %. O objetivo do austemperado foi modificar a porcentagem de austenita retida, e correlacioná-lo com a resistência ao desgaste abrasivo sob diferentes condições; os ensaios foram realizados segundo as diretrizes da norma ASTM G65. As técnicas de microdureza MEB-EDS e DRX foram realizadas para determinar as propriedades mecânicas, composição química, tipo de carbonet...

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“…[29][30][31] In this case, the volume fraction of secondary carbides should be considered. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Volume Fraction Of Secondary Carbidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Precipitation Behavior of Secondary M7C3 Carbides in Ti-alloyed High Chromium Cast Iron

et al. 2013

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In-situ observations on the dynamic precipitation behavior of secondary carbides in Ti-alloyed High Chromium Cast Iron (HCCI) were performed by using a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM). Moreover, the detailed characterization of the microstructure before and after heat treatment was performed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The secondary carbides, which precipitate from the matrix during heat treatment, were identified as M7C3 type carbides by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The number, size and volume of secondary carbides during heating, holding and cooling process were quantitatively evaluated based on the in-situ observation and SEM results. It was found that ferrite (α) and secondary carbides start to precipitate from the matrix at around 575°C and 840°C, respectively, during the heating process. In addition, the in-situ results showed that the number of secondary carbides increase with an increased heating temperature and time. Moreover, it was found that the size of these secondary carbides increase at higher temperatures and longer holding times. However, the number of secondary carbides increased with a decreased temperature. Finally, it was found that the volume fraction (~5%) of secondary carbides was not changed to a large extent for the different heat treatment conditions being investigated.

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Microstructural Modifications of As-Cast High-Chromium White Iron by Heat Treatment

Cited by 81 publications

References 24 publications

Wear and Corrosion Behavior of High-Cr White Cast Iron Alloys in Different Corrosive Media

Wear and Corrosion Behavior of High-Cr White Cast Iron Alloys in Different Corrosive Media

Microstructural evolution during austempering of a ASTM A-532 CLASS III type high chromium white cast iron undergoing abrasive wear

Dynamic Precipitation Behavior of Secondary M7C3 Carbides in Ti-alloyed High Chromium Cast Iron

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