Microstructural Integrity of the Hippocampus During Childhood: Relations With Age and Source Memory

Callow, Daniel D.; Canada, Kelsey L.; Riggins, Tracy

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.568953

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Gray matter MD is associated with alterations in synaptic, glial, and dendritic density and activity, such as swelling, arborization, and synaptic pruning (Blumenfeld-Katzir et al, 2011;Le Bihan, 2012;Sagi et al, 2012;Crombe et al, 2018;Stolp et al, 2018). Additionally, previous work suggests that cortical and subcortical gray matter diffusivity are stronger predictors of cognitive performance than volumetric measures across the lifespan (Kantarci et al, 2005;Jeon et al, 2012;Hong et al, 2013;Pereira et al, 2014;Weston et al, 2015;Callow et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the context of development, gray matter MD is generally negatively associated with age and better cognitive performance and is thought to represent increased myelination and axonal and neural density (Mah et al, 2017;Fjell et al, 2019;Callow et al, 2020). Meanwhile, in older adults, age and disease progression are usually positively associated with gray matter MD, which is believed to result from a general decline in dendritic and synaptic density (Ray et al, 2006;Pereira et al, 2014;Weston et al, 2015;Salminen et al, 2016;O'Shea et al, 2016;Langnes et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise Training-Related Changes in Cortical Gray Matter Diffusivity and Cognitive Function in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy Older Adults

Callow

Won

Pena

et al. 2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) are at an elevated risk of dementia and exhibit deficits in cognition and cortical gray matter (GM) volume, thickness, and microstructure. Meanwhile, exercise training appears to preserve brain function and macrostructure may help delay or prevent the onset of dementia in individuals with MCI. Yet, our understanding of the neurophysiological effects of exercise training in individuals with MCI remains limited. Recent work suggests that the measures of gray matter microstructure using diffusion imaging may be sensitive to early cognitive and neurophysiological changes in the aging brain. Therefore, this study is aimed to determine the effects of exercise training in cognition and cortical gray matter microstructure in individuals with MCI vs. cognitively healthy older adults. Fifteen MCI participants and 17 cognitively intact controls (HC) volunteered for a 12-week supervised walking intervention. Following the intervention, MCI and HC saw improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, performance on Trial 1 of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), a measure of verbal memory, and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), a measure of verbal fluency. After controlling for age, a voxel-wise analysis of cortical gray matter diffusivity showed individuals with MCI exhibited greater increases in mean diffusivity (MD) in the left insular cortex than HC. This increase in MD was positively associated with improvements in COWAT performance. Additionally, after controlling for age, the voxel-wise analysis indicated a main effect of Time with both groups experiencing an increase in left insular and left and right cerebellar MD. Increases in left insular diffusivity were similarly found to be positively associated with improvements in COWAT performance in both groups, while increases in cerebellar MD were related to gains in episodic memory performance. These findings suggest that exercise training may be related to improvements in neural circuits that govern verbal fluency performance in older adults through the microstructural remodeling of cortical gray matter. Furthermore, changes in left insular cortex microstructure may be particularly relevant to improvements in verbal fluency among individuals diagnosed with MCI.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Training-Related Changes in Cortical Gray Matter Diffusivity and Cognitive Function in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy Older Adults

Callow

Won

Pena

et al. 2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…Our findings may therefore suggest a higher level of hippocampal maturation in the WPC-A-EV and WPC-PL groups compared to SL. Measurements of low mean diffusivity in the hippocampus have previously been shown to correlate with better memory performance in children [72]. Moreover, mean diffusivity has been suggested to be a better predictor of hippocampal-dependent memory than volume [72].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurements of low mean diffusivity in the hippocampus have previously been shown to correlate with better memory performance in children [72]. Moreover, mean diffusivity has been suggested to be a better predictor of hippocampal-dependent memory than volume [72]. Studies in piglets have demonstrated positive effects of dietary MFGM intake on DTI measurements in the internal capsule [28], but not in the hippocampus at 30-31 days of age [28,29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy-Derived Emulsifiers in Infant Formula Show Marginal Effects on the Plasma Lipid Profile and Brain Structure in Preterm Piglets Relative to Soy Lecithin

et al. 2021

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Breastfed infants have higher intestinal lipid absorption and neurodevelopmental outcomes compared to formula-fed infants, which may relate to a different surface layer structure of fat globules in infant formula. This study investigated if dairy-derived emulsifiers increased lipid absorption and neurodevelopment relative to soy lecithin in newborn preterm piglets. Piglets received a formula diet containing soy lecithin (SL) or whey protein concentrate enriched in extracellular vesicles (WPC-A-EV) or phospholipids (WPC-PL) for 19 days. Both WPC-A-EV and WPC-PL emulsions, but not the intact diets, increased in vitro lipolysis compared to SL. The main differences of plasma lipidomics analysis were increased levels of some sphingolipids, and lipid molecules with odd-chain (17:1, 19:1, 19:3) as well as mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains (16:1, 20:1, 20:3) in the WPC-A-EV and WPC-PL groups and increased 18:2 fatty acyls in the SL group. Indirect monitoring of intestinal triacylglycerol absorption showed no differences between groups. Diffusor tensor imaging measurements of mean diffusivity in the hippocampus were lower for WPC-A-EV and WPC-PL groups compared to SL indicating improved hippocampal maturation. No differences in hippocampal lipid composition or short-term memory were observed between groups. In conclusion, emulsification of fat globules in infant formula with dairy-derived emulsifiers altered the plasma lipid profile and hippocampal tissue diffusivity but had limited effects on other absorptive and learning abilities relative to SL in preterm piglets.

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“…Few studies have addressed the development of this region, but some recent work suggests potential memory-related dissociations between children ages 4-10 and adults in perirhinal cortex activity (Benear et al, 2020). A number of studies have demonstrated developmental changes in the hippocampus (Callow et al, 2020;Daugherty et al, 2016, Daugherty et al, 2017DeMaster et al, INTRAOBJECT AND EXTRAOBJECT MEMORY BINDING 13 2014; Tang et al, 2020), which is often associated with relational or extraobject binding (Davachi, 2006;Giovanello et al, 2004;Hannula & Ranganath, 2008;Lee et al, 2020;Staresina & Davachi, 2008), and it would be useful to better understand how developmental changes in the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex relate to intraobject and extraobject binding.…”

Section: Implications For Memory Binding Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraobject and extraobject memory binding across early development.

Darby¹,

Sederberg²,

Sloutsky³

2022

Developmental Psychology

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The ability to bind, or link, different aspects of an experience in memory undergoes protracted development across childhood. Most studies of memory binding development have assessed extraobject binding between an object and some external element such as another object, whereas little work has examined the development of intraobject binding, such as between shape and color features within the same object. In this work, we investigate the development of intra- and extraobject memory binding in five-year-olds, eight-year-olds, and young adults with a memory interference paradigm. Between two experiments, we manipulate whether stimuli are presented as coherent objects (Experiment 1: n5-year-olds = 32, 19 males, 13 females; n8-year-olds = 30, 15 males, 15 females; nadults = 30, 15 males, 15 females), requiring intraobject binding between shape and color features, or as spatially separated features (Experiment 2: n5-year-olds = 24, 16 males, 8 females; n8-year-olds = 41, 19 males, 22 females; nadults = 31, 13 males, 18 females), requiring extraobject binding. To estimate the contributions of different binding structures to performance, we present a novel computational model that mathematically instantiates the memory binding, forgetting, and retrieval processes we hypothesize to underlie performance on the task. The results provide evidence of substantial developmental improvements in both intraobject and extraobject binding of shape and color features between 5 and 8 years of age, as well as stronger intraobject compared with extraobject binding of features in all age groups. These findings provide key insights into memory binding across early development.

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Microstructural Integrity of the Hippocampus During Childhood: Relations With Age and Source Memory

Cited by 12 publications

References 53 publications

Exercise Training-Related Changes in Cortical Gray Matter Diffusivity and Cognitive Function in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy Older Adults

Exercise Training-Related Changes in Cortical Gray Matter Diffusivity and Cognitive Function in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy Older Adults

Dairy-Derived Emulsifiers in Infant Formula Show Marginal Effects on the Plasma Lipid Profile and Brain Structure in Preterm Piglets Relative to Soy Lecithin

Intraobject and extraobject memory binding across early development.

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