“…The strength of copper can be significantly increased by cold working [3][4][5], grain refinement [6][7][8][9][10][11], and the precipitation of nanoscale dispersoids [2,[11][12][13][14][15]. However, strengthening leads to a pronounced decrease in the electrical conductivity, due to increase in the dislocation density, grain boundaries, dispersoids, and solutes, which increase the scattering of conducting electrons [1].…”