Microstructural control and mechanical properties in friction stir welding of medium carbon low alloy S45C steel

Imam, Murshid; Ueji, Rintaro; Fujii, Hidetoshi

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2015.03.089

Cited by 40 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…On the other hand, a combined effect of dissolution and spheroidization of the retained austenite, and recovery in bainitic ferrite, was affirmed to have caused the material softening in the HAZ of the steel. Imam et al [17] revealed that the distribution of peak temperature along the weld thickness of a mediumcarbon low-alloy S45C steel enforced microstructural variations at the top and bottom weld regions. Lath martensite and fine ferrite-pearlite structures were obtained at the former (top weld region) and the latter (bottom weld region), respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and mechanical properties of autobody steel joined by friction stir spot welding

et al. 2019

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This work investigates the microstructural features and mechanical properties of joints of lowcarbon steel friction stir spot welded by changing tool rotational speed and dwell time. Microstructural evaluation, peeling, tension-shear and micro-hardness tests were employed to characterize the properties of the welded joints. The results show that an increase in the tool rotational speed promotes the formation of more weld flash, and it equally changes the flash morphology from ring flash to a combination of ring and serrated flashes. A fine immediate tool contact region is formed in the stir zone (SZ) and the width of the ITCR increases with the tool rotational speed and tensile-shear failure load. Besides the ITCR, the SZ uniquely consists of the shoulder undersurface region (SZ I) and vortex region (SZ II) with average grain sizes of about 10.9 and 16.66 lm, respectively. An increase in tool rotational speed improves the micro-hardness, and the average diameter of the weld nugget (from 4.5 to 5.5 mm). Base metal-nugget interface failure (650 rpm) and base metal neckinginduced failure (1250 rpm) are the two forms of weld failure obtained in the welded samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and mechanical properties of autobody steel joined by friction stir spot welding

et al. 2019

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“…They measured the average maximum temperature on 6.35 mm aluminum plates depending on the "pseudo heat index w (=ω 2 /v)". It was demonstrated that for several aluminum alloys [13,14] as well as steels [15,16,17] based on an empirical relationship between peak welding temperature (T peak , °C) and FSW parameters (ω, v) can be represented by , (1)…”

Section: Motivating Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

A Quality Optimization Framework Combining Physics and Machine Learning Models: Case Study in a Friction Stir Welding Process

Kim

Lee

Kang

2022

Preprint

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In modern manufacturing, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and several data analysis techniques are frequently used and developed in various fields. These quantitative approaches, however, are somewhat focused on the assumption that sensor data properly expresses the physical phenomenon. Another issue is that the data can be obtained through experiments, but due to the constraints of time and cost of experiments, obtaining a large amount of data that may be able to fully explain diverse natural occurrences is impossible. In the present study, we propose a hybrid method that combines scientific knowledge and machine learning methods via an optimization framework containing Lagrange multiplier concept. Experiments with real manufacturing data from the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process demonstrate the scientific consistency and effectiveness of the proposed idea.

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“…The variation in the microstructure of welded joints, that is, base material (BM), heat-affected zone (HAZ), and fusion zone (FZ), results in different mechanical properties. 17 During the welding process, heat flows from the weld metal to the surrounding base material, resulting in a narrow HAZ. Depending on the peak temperature experienced, HAZ is further divided into the near/far HAZs, depending on their relative distance from the center of the FZ and the peak temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microstructure and its correlation with the mechanical performance of welded joints for weathering steels commonly used in trains have not been studied thoroughly, which greatly limit the application of weathering steels in critically structural areas. The variation in the microstructure of welded joints, that is, base material (BM), heat‐affected zone (HAZ), and fusion zone (FZ), results in different mechanical properties 17 . During the welding process, heat flows from the weld metal to the surrounding base material, resulting in a narrow HAZ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of two kinds of weathering steel welded joints

Cong

Liu

Huang

et al. 2022

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of welded joints for Q450NQR1 and Q450AWR5 alloys were investigated. The inhomogeneous microstructures of Q450NQR1 and Q450AWR5 welded joints can result in heterogeneous mechanical responses. Microhardness distributions of the two welded joints are not uniform with the highest hardness value in the FZ, followed by the HAZ, and the lowest hardness value in the BM. The tensile strength of Q450AWR5 welded joints is slightly higher than the Q450NQR1 welded joints. The tensile fracture occurred in the BM of both welded joints, probably due to the strengthening effect of bainite with high dislocation density and lattice distortion. The fatigue life is dominated by the welded defects inside the welded joint. The location of fatigue failure occurs mainly near the fusion zone and is limited by the welded defects, independent of the microstructure.

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Microstructural control and mechanical properties in friction stir welding of medium carbon low alloy S45C steel

Cited by 40 publications

References 35 publications

Microstructure and mechanical properties of autobody steel joined by friction stir spot welding

Microstructure and mechanical properties of autobody steel joined by friction stir spot welding

A Quality Optimization Framework Combining Physics and Machine Learning Models: Case Study in a Friction Stir Welding Process

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of two kinds of weathering steel welded joints

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