Microstructural characterization of sol–gel derived Pb1−La TiO3 ferroelectrics

Preparation and Photocatalytic Properties of Ti1−xZrxO2 Solid Solution

“…Recently, sol-gel process is widely employed to synthesize solid solutions at much lower temperatures. 20,21 To prepare binary or multicomponent oxide solid solution by the sol-gel method, the key is to control the hydrolysis and condensation rates of the various molecular precursors used. The difference in reactivity can be minimized by controlled prehydrolysis of the less reactive precursor or by chemical modification of the precursor.…”

Large-scale synthesis of Pb1−La TiO3 ceramic powders by molten salt method

“…The tetragonality (c/a) decreases when La content decreases in the tetragonal phase, but is considerably smaller than that of PbTiO 3 , suggesting that the Curie point of PLT decreases with the La doping. The lattice parameters of PLT in present case are smaller than those of PLT prepared by solid-state reaction method or sol-gel method [4,19]. The PLT powders synthesized under different temperature had about the same lattice parameters, reflecting almost identical chemical compositions.…”

“…The PLT ceramics have been widely studied for applications in dynamic random access memories (DRAM), uncooled infrared detectors and electro-optic devices, due to their large electromechanical anisotropy in the coupling factors along and perpendicular to the direction of polarization and large pyroelectric coefficient along the polarization axis [1][2][3]. In general, these properties of lanthanum doped lead titanate materials mostly depended on the lanthanum concentration and one of the characteristics can be optimized by adjusting the molar ratio of Pb/La [4]. The PLT ceramic powders are conventionally prepared by solid-state reaction [5,6], sol-gel process [7][8][9], chemical precipitation [10], metallo-organic decomposition (MOD) process [11,12], or hydrothermal treatment [13].…”

Nanosized lead lanthanum titanate (PLT) ceramic powders synthesized by the oxidant peroxo method

“…Previous works regarding the synthesis of PLT and correlated samples by wet chemical routes [7,9,19] reported single PLT phase after heat treatments at temperatures near to 550 • C, but sometimes it was possible to find diffraction peaks of secondary phases when the samples were treated at lower temperatures. It was also possible to find direct transition from the amorphous precursor for samples with low lanthanum content.…”

“…However, because of nanoparticles generally display properties that differ from those of bulk material, alternative synthetic routes to the solid-state reaction have been developed to obtain a wider number of compounds at this scale [2][3][4][5][6]. Particularly, PLT and PT have been synthesized by several wet-chemical routes [7][8][9], but recently one of us developed a new synthetic route called the "oxidant peroxo method", sometimes referred simply by the acronym OPM [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. This wet-chemical method of synthesis is characterized by the fundamental oxyreduction reaction between lead(II) ions and some water soluble peroxo complexes that leads to the formation of an amorphous * Corresponding author.…”