Microstructural characterization of grade 300 and grade 350 maraging steels and electrochemical study in hydrofluoric solution

Florez, Mauro Andres Cerra; Pereira, Úrsula Cid; Cardoso, Jorge Luiz; Oliveira, Francisco José dos Santos; Araújo, Walney Silva; Fargas, Gemma; Abreu, Hamilton Ferreira Gomes de; Silva, Marcelo José Gomes da

doi:10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109738

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…Cardoso, F.J. Santos Oliveira, W.S. Araújo, G.F. Ribas, H.F. Gomesde Abreu & M.J. Gomes da Silva [12] show that quenching has a significant effect in terms of transformation and variability in the microstructure of the sample. At that, proper selection of heat treatment parameters can eliminate microstructure defects.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Cardoso, F.J. Santos Oliveira, W.S. Araújo, G.F. Ribas, H.F. Gomesde Abreu & M.J. Gomes da Silva [12] obtained results indicating a decrease in the electrochemical corrosion resistance of maraging steels in relation to the amount of content of certain elements. The dissolution of alloying elements in iron occurs due to the replacement of Fe atoms by impurity atoms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Study of hardening and structure of maraging powder steel grade PS-H18K9M5TR (18%Ni+9%Co+5%Mo+1%Ti+1%Re+66%Fe)

Աղբալյան¹,

Simonyan²

2022

Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University Series Physics

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Relevance. High-strength steels are increasingly in demand in modern industry for various applications. Maraging steels are the primary material in the manufacture of most aircraft parts as well as machine-building components. This type is low-carbon and is rich in nickel, which forms martensite when cooled as well as demonstrates properties such as high hardness, wear resistance, etc. The hardening process is the main factor affecting the functional properties of maraging steel. At certain temperatures, austenite has the ability to transform into various kinds of phases. However, the shortcoming that lies in the presence of some impurities limits the established types of improvement technologies, leading to the search for innovative methods to improve the characteristics of steel without losing any of the desired properties. Good qualities appear in maraging steels mainly after treatment with a solution at a temperature of about 1000℃ and during aging at a temperature of about 490℃. Purpose. Thus, the purpose of this research paper is to analyze the structure of maraging steel powders and study the thermal effect on its properties. Methodology. In this paper, powder steel was pressed by spark plasma sintering technology at a pressure of 60 MPa to a powder compact and heated at a temperature of 1100℃ for 180 s at a rate of 20℃/s, after which the samples underwent phase and elemental analysis, their hardness was measured, the value of which amounted to about 60 HRC. Results. The results of this scientific research demonstrate the presence of a variety of precipitates. The presence of impurities such as Co, Ti, and Re led to an improvement in strength due to martensitic phase transformation and precipitation hardening, as well as slowed down the diffusion process. Conclusions. In addition, tasks for further research on the issue of manufacturing maraging steels by the additive manufacturing method were identified. This technology enables obtaining strong maraging steels based on a powder mixture with the required characteristics

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Study of hardening and structure of maraging powder steel grade PS-H18K9M5TR (18%Ni+9%Co+5%Mo+1%Ti+1%Re+66%Fe)

Աղբալյան¹,

Simonyan²

2022

Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University Series Physics

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“…Mo is the main forming element of intermetallic compounds, such as Ni 3 Mo that leads to enhance the mechanical properties of maraging steels in terms of hardness [1,4]. Ti increases strength and with the presence of C induces Metals 2021, 11, 1021 2 of 14 the precipitation of different nature of carbides that decreases the strength of the maraging steel [4][5][6]. Finally, Al raises the tensile strength by hardening the martensitic phase [3,5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ti increases strength and with the presence of C induces Metals 2021, 11, 1021 2 of 14 the precipitation of different nature of carbides that decreases the strength of the maraging steel [4][5][6]. Finally, Al raises the tensile strength by hardening the martensitic phase [3,5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation Behavior of Maraging 300 Alloy Exposed to Nitrogen/Water Vapor Atmosphere at 500 °C

Florez

Fargas

Cardoso

et al. 2021

Metals

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Aging heat treatments in maraging steels are fundamental to achieve the excellent mechanical properties required in several industries, i.e., nuclear, automotive, etc. In this research, samples of maraging 300 alloy were aged using a novel procedure that combines different steps with two atmospheres (nitrogen and water vapor) for several hours. The oxidized surface layer was chemical, microstructural and micromechanically characterized. Due to the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions, these gases reacted and change the surface chemistry of this steel producing a thin iron-based oxide layer of a homogeneous thickness of around 500 nm. Within the aforementioned information, porosity and other microstructural defects showed a non-homogeneous oxide, mainly constituted by magnetite, nickel ferrite, cobalt ferrite, and a small amount of hematite in the more external parts of the oxide layer. In this sense, from a chemical point of view, the heat treatment under specific atmosphere allows to induce a thin magnetic layer in a mixture of iron, nickel, and cobalt spinel ferrites. On the other hand, the oxide layer presents an adhesive force 99 mN value that shows the capability for being used for tribological applications under sliding contact tests.

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“…Thus, maraging steels have particular properties arising from the combination of a martensitic matrix and those fine intermetallic precipitates, such as Ni 3 (Ti,Mo) and Fe 2 (Ti,Mo). [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] These properties make them very attractive materials for aeronautic, aerospace, and military applications, and also for applications where components are in contact with highly corrosive fluorinated compounds, such as in uranium enrichment ultracentrifuges. [1,[9][10][11][12][13] Barzashka and Oelrich [12] appear to be the only authors that have reported a preoxidation process of the components of the ultracentrifuges manufactured with maraging steel, where atmospheres with steam are used to form an oxide layer that prevents corrosion resistance.…”

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confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of an Fe/Co Ferrite Spinel Oxide Film Produced by Using N2/Steam Heat Treatment on Two Maraging Steels

Florez

Fargas

Rovira

et al. 2022

Metall Mater Trans A

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An experimental procedure was developed to obtain an oxide layer formed mainly by spinel on maraging steels. It consists of different stages with specific conditions, such as atmospheres rich in nitrogen and water vapor, and different steps of temperatures and times. Tests were performed on grade 300 and 350 maraging steels. Oxide layer characterization was done using optical and electron microscopy, spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nanoscratch tests in order to determine the adhesion force as well as to observe the main deformation mechanism induced under sliding tests. In both steels, oxide layers are formed by the spinel's Fe 3 O 4 and CoFe 2 O 4 in amounts close to ca. 85 pct, whereas TiO 2 and MoO 3 represent the other 15 pct. No hematite was found. The low oxygen availability during the heat treatment was fundamental for avoiding hematite formation. A nickel-rich austenitic phase formed at the metal-oxide interface due the kinetics of the oxidation process of the cobalt, iron, and molybdenum. The particular conditions of the heat treatments induced the formation of a mixture of iron, nickel, and cobalt spinel ferrites, thereby contradicting previous studies that said that only magnetite would be formed. The sliding tests at the nanometric length scale highlight that the layer formed on maraging 300 grade presents a better adhesion than the other investigated material due to the fact that it requires more load in order to induce cracks located at the edge of the sliding track and, subsequently, the chipping of the formed layer.

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Microstructural characterization of grade 300 and grade 350 maraging steels and electrochemical study in hydrofluoric solution

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Study of hardening and structure of maraging powder steel grade PS-H18K9M5TR (18%Ni+9%Co+5%Mo+1%Ti+1%Re+66%Fe)

Study of hardening and structure of maraging powder steel grade PS-H18K9M5TR (18%Ni+9%Co+5%Mo+1%Ti+1%Re+66%Fe)

Oxidation Behavior of Maraging 300 Alloy Exposed to Nitrogen/Water Vapor Atmosphere at 500 °C

Synthesis and Characterization of an Fe/Co Ferrite Spinel Oxide Film Produced by Using N2/Steam Heat Treatment on Two Maraging Steels

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