Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of PA11 Nanocomposite Fibers

Latko, Paulina; Kołbuk, Dorota; Kozera, Rafał; Boczkowska, Anna

doi:10.1007/s11665-015-1817-2

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A lower pre-peak T m,fus , 184.5 °C, became increasingly prominent for the PA11 when aged at 120 °C. The 184.5 °C pre-peak was attributed to poorly formed crystalline structures [70,71,76,81,82]. As seen in Figure 11, the PA11 had the largest pre-peak at 184.5 °C in the first heating ramp after aging at 120 °C.…”

Section: From the Amide Bond Hydrolysis Elementary Mechanisms For Basmentioning

confidence: 93%

Graphene oxide reduces the hydrolytic degradation in polyamide-11

Hocker

Hudson-Smith

Smith

et al. 2017

Polymer

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Graphene oxide (GO) was incorporated into polyamide-11 (PA11) via in-situ polymerization. The GO-PA11 nano-composite had elevated resistance to hydrolytic degradation. At a loading of 1 mg/g, GO to PA11, the accelerated aging equilibrium molecular weight of GO-PA11 was higher (33 and 34 kDa at 100 and 120 °C, respectively) compared to neat PA11 (23 and 24 kDa at 100 and 120 °C, respectively). Neat PA11 had hydrolysis rate constants (k H) of 2.8 and 12 (×10 −2 day −1) when aged at 100 and 120 °C, respectively, and re-polymerization rate constants (k P) of 5.0 and 23 (×10 −5 day −1), respectively. The higher equilibrium molecular weight for GO-PA11 loaded at 1 mg/g was the result of a decreased k H , 1.8 and 4.5 (×10 −2 day −1), and an increased k P , 10 and 17 (×10 −5 day −1) compared with neat PA11 at 100 and 120 °C, respectively. The decreased rate of degradation and resulting 40 % increased equilibrium molecular weight of GO-PA11 was attributed to the highly asymmetric planar GO nano-sheets that inhibited the molecular mobility of water and the polymer chain. The crystallinity of the polymer matrix was similarly affected by a reduction in chain mobility during annealing due to the GO nanoparticles' chemistry and highly asymmetric nano-planar sheet structure.

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Section: From the Amide Bond Hydrolysis Elementary Mechanisms For Basmentioning

confidence: 93%

Graphene oxide reduces the hydrolytic degradation in polyamide-11

Hocker

Hudson-Smith

Smith

et al. 2017

Polymer

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“…Nylons (or polyamides) fibers, introduced in the 1940s’ for the first time in stockings, are one of the most successful synthetic fibers with a well‐established textile industry. [ 10,11 ] Within the family, odd‐nylons constitute the natural choice for realization of e‐textiles if crystalized in their piezoelectric phase. For instance, nylon‐11, the well‐studied odd‐nylons, has various crystalline phases, namely α, α′ , ϒ , and δ′ of which only the δ′ ‐phase shows strong piezoelectric activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conventional fiber production methods, melt extrusion and melt spinning, produce non‐piezoelectric polycrystalline α‐ phase nylon fibers with a thickness of tens of micrometer. [ 10,13 ] Solution casting of nylon‐11 from trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) or treating the α‐ phase in sodium hydroxide salt solution [ 25 ] produces the ϒ‐ phase. [ 12 ] Recently, a template wetting technique has been employed to produce nylon‐11 nanowires for energy harvesting applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectric Nylon‐11 Fibers for Electronic Textiles, Energy Harvesting and Sensing

Anwar

Amiri

Jiang

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Electronic textiles and functional fabrics are among the key constituents envisioned for wearable electronics applications. For e‐textiles, the challenge is to process materials of desired electronic properties such as piezoelectricity into fibers to be integrated as wefts or wraps in the fabrics. Nylons, first introduced in the 1940s for stockings, are among the most widely used synthetic fibers in textiles. However, realization of nylon‐based e‐textiles has remained elusive due to the difficulty of achieving the piezoelectric phase in the nylon fibers. Here, piezoelectric nylon‐11 fibers are demonstrated and it is shown that the resulting fibers are viable for applications in energy harvesting from low frequency mechanical vibrations and in motion sensors. A simulation study is presented that elucidates on the sensitivity of the nylon‐11 fibers toward external mechanical stimuli. Moreover, a strategy is proposed and validated to significantly boost the electrical performance of the fibers. Since a large fraction of the textile industry is based on nylon fibers, the demonstration of piezoelectric nylon fibers will be a major step toward realization of electronic textiles for applications in apparels, health monitoring, sportswear, and portable energy generation.

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“…However, the low dispersibility in the majority of polymers, combined with low chemical compatibility, has become a major problem in untreated MWCNT. To obtain the desired properties in the composite material, it is important to achieve a homogeneous and uniform dispersion of the MWCNTs in the matrix, having in parallel a strong interfacial link between the organic and inorganic phases 28,29 . However, the chaotic entanglement of these nanoparticles can lead to the formation of agglomerates since carbon nanotubes have a high aspect ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These agglomerations can increase in size and even reach the micrometric scale 30 . Generally, MWCNTs are easier to disperse in polymeric matrices as they have larger diameters compared to single‐walled CNTs (SWCNTs) 28–30 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the addition of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes on the thermal and mechanical properties of polyamide‐11 before and after aging tests

Cruz

Tienne

Gondim

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, the preparation and characterization of nanocomposites of commercial polyamide‐11 reinforced with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), untreated, oxidized or with the modified surface through silanization with 3‐aminopropyl trimethoxy silane (APTMS), in concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0 wt% in the polymer matrix was investigated. The processing of the nanocomposites was carried out via mixing in the molten state in a twin‐screw mini‐extruder at 200°C under 60 rpm screw rotation speed, with a residence time of 7 min. The addition of the MWCNT increased the thermal stability of PA11, predominantly with 0.5% of silanized nanotubes, as observed by the thermogravimetric analysis. X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analyses indicated that the degree of crystallinity of the formulations increased with the nanofiller content. On the other hand, the use of the highest concentration generated agglomerates, suggesting less dispersion in the matrix and, consequently, a reduction in crystallinity. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis showed that the silanization process promoted an increase in both loss and storage moduli. All produced nanocomposites obtained values of corrected inherent viscosity above 1.20 dl/g, before and after the aging test. The use of lower load levels promoted better processability due to the lubricating effect of the nanotubes and an increase in the hydrophobic character of the samples, as observed by the increase of the contact angle.

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Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of PA11 Nanocomposite Fibers

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Graphene oxide reduces the hydrolytic degradation in polyamide-11

Graphene oxide reduces the hydrolytic degradation in polyamide-11

Piezoelectric Nylon‐11 Fibers for Electronic Textiles, Energy Harvesting and Sensing

Influence of the addition of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes on the thermal and mechanical properties of polyamide‐11 before and after aging tests

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