Microstructural Characteristics of Arc Beads with Overcurrent Fault in the Fire Scene

Yu, Zhonghua; Chen, Shuangshuang; Deng, Jun; Xu, Xueyan; Wang, Weifeng

doi:10.3390/ma13204521

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Based on the examination of the macro and micro structures it can also be stated that the beads as shown in Figure 3.6-Figure 3.9, usually show three zones/ regions [11]: 1. The surface layer, which contains many cavities.…”

Section: Macro and Micro Structural Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic Investigation of Electrical Conduct Copper Bead Microstructure as an Effort to Identify Causes of Fire

Riyanto,

Ferdian

2023

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the bead formed due to short circuit, overload and direct flame treatment on NYM 3x1.5 copper power cable. Handling of short circuit and overload is carried out at a current load of 800% of the current carrying capacity (144 Amperes) and direct flame treatment is carried out at a temperature of 960 degrees Celsius. The bead specimens formed from each treatment were examined and tested in the laboratory: chemical composition examination, visual inspection, macro and micro structural examination, hardness testing, and SEM-EDS examination. The difference in the characteristics of the arc bead that is formed under short circuit conditions and overload is that in short circuit conditions the damage point is localized at a certain point, namely at the short circuit contact point, while under overload conditions the point damage is localized at one or several specific locations along the wire. The macro characteristic of arc beads formed under short-circuit and overload conditions is that they contain many cavities and a clear transition boundary between the melted/ re-solidified material and the non-melted material. While the characteristics of the granules in the form of globular formed in the direct flame treatment, do not show sharp transitions between melting/ re-solidified materials. The micro structure of NYM 3x1.5 beads of electrically conducting copper wire material under the treatment conditions: short circuit, overload and direct ignition, is an alpha (α) phase dendritic structure.

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Section: Macro and Micro Structural Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic Investigation of Electrical Conduct Copper Bead Microstructure as an Effort to Identify Causes of Fire

Riyanto,

Ferdian

2023

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“…It is known that cable overload increases the risk of cable fires, and many studies have addressed this issue. For instance, Yu [13], studied the microstructure of a copper wire arc bead with an overcurrent fault. Gao [14], investigated the fire risk for copper wires under overcurrent fault conditions.…”

Section: Impact Of Cable Overload On Cable Firesmentioning

confidence: 99%

BN-RA: A Hybrid Model for Risk Analysis of Overload-Induced Early Cable Fires

et al. 2021

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Cable overload is one of the most critical contributors to early cable fires. This study proposes a hybrid Bayesian network (BN)-based fire risk analysis model, to investigate the evolution of overload-induced early cable fire risks. In particular, the fire risk transmission paths caused by cable overload are reported, considering the critical factors that likely lead to fires. A BN with a specific structure was considered using the fire risk transmission paths. Later, given the risk index system, a hybrid fire risk assessment model caused by cable overload was developed based on the entropy weight method. Subsequently, the corresponding risk levels were evaluated based on the evolution of the fire risk, using numerical simulations. Finally, a case study was conducted to validate the proposed methods, and the results indicated that the proposed methods can effectively evaluate the state of the cable and explain the causes of fire risk, which can be used for early fire warnings.

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Experimental and theoretical research on the temperature evolution law of overcurrent fault wires

Huo,

Xu,

et al. 2024

Fire and Materials

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To investigate the problems of overload and excessive thermal insulation associated with building electrical fires caused by wires, a theoretical model of wire heat transfer is established, and the pyrolysis and combustion phenomena of the insulation layer are analyzed. The results showed that the temperature evolution of the wire underwent three stages: constant temperature, insulation heating, and high‐temperature pyrolysis. The insulation layer experiences bulging, exhausting, carbonization, dripping, and burning in sequence, and insulation layer dripping requires at least 160 A of current. As the current increases, the temperature increase rate of the wire increases gradually, and the fusing time of the wire gradually decreases. Under the same current, 160°C is the turning point at which the temperature increases. The temperature increase rate of the copper wire is greater than that of the aluminum alloy wire, and the temperature increase rate of the bare wire is greater than that of the insulated wire. The fusing time of an aluminum alloy wire is less than that of a copper wire, and the fusing time of a bare wire is less than that of an insulated wire. The research results provide theoretical guidance for the prevention and investigation of building electrical fires.

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Microstructural Characteristics of Arc Beads with Overcurrent Fault in the Fire Scene

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Forensic Investigation of Electrical Conduct Copper Bead Microstructure as an Effort to Identify Causes of Fire

Forensic Investigation of Electrical Conduct Copper Bead Microstructure as an Effort to Identify Causes of Fire

BN-RA: A Hybrid Model for Risk Analysis of Overload-Induced Early Cable Fires

Experimental and theoretical research on the temperature evolution law of overcurrent fault wires

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