Microstructural Changes During Short-Term Heat Treatment of Martensitic Stainless Steel—Simulation and Experimental Verification

Schmidtseifer, N.; Weber, Sebastian

doi:10.1007/s11661-021-06280-y

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 23 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…The description of steps and driving forces for the α or α formation from parent γ demonstrates the depth of understanding [11][12][13][14][15]. The martensite start (M s ) temperature is quite similar for different variants of this steel, the main influence being the forcibly dissolved carbon content in the matrix [16][17][18]. However, a combination of phase transformations increases complexity and leads to rather less well-reported cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

An In Situ Synchrotron Dilatometry and Atomistic Study of Martensite and Carbide Formation during Partitioning and Tempering

et al. 2021

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Precipitation hardened and tempered martensitic-ferritic steels (TMFSs) are used in many areas of our daily lives as tools, components in power generation industries, or in the oil and gas (O&G) industry for creep and corrosion resistance. In addition to the metallurgical and forging processes, the unique properties of the materials in service are determined by the quality heat treatment (HT). By performing a quenching and partitioning HT during an in situ high energy synchrotron radiation experiment in a dilatometer, the evolution of retained austenite, martensite laths, dislocations, and carbides was characterized in detail. Atomic-scale studies on a specimen with the same HT subjected to a laser scanning confocal microscope show how dislocations facilitate cloud formation around carbides. These clouds have a discrete build-up, and thermodynamic calculations and density functional theory explain their stability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

An In Situ Synchrotron Dilatometry and Atomistic Study of Martensite and Carbide Formation during Partitioning and Tempering

et al. 2021

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Simulation of local metastable microstructural states in large tools: construction and validation of the model

Schuppener,

Berger,

Benito

et al. 2023

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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This study presents the development and experimental verification of a simulation model for estimating the local microstructure of a tool geometry after heat treatment. The experiment involved subjecting a metallic block of dimensions 40 × 50 × 50 mm, made of the ledeburitic cold work steel DIN EN 1.2379 (X153CrMoV12; AISI D2), to a heat treatment in a laboratory furnace at 1000 °C for 20 min. Thermocouples were strategically placed to record time-temperature profiles at different locations within the block. Following the heat treatment, the local microstructure was determined through quantitative image analysis, and the local hardness was measured as a function of the distance from the block’s edge to its core. These measurements were then correlated with the corresponding time-temperature curves obtained from the thermocouples. To replicate the local time-temperature profiles, the thermophysical properties of the steel were experimentally determined and incorporated into a finite element analysis heat transfer simulation using Abaqus FEA® software. This simulation approach, combined with the MatCalc software, facilitated the calculation of various local microstructural characteristics such as carbide content, carbide type, carbide distribution, and chemical composition of the matrix. Furthermore, the content fractions of the microconstituents of the matrix, including martensite and retained austenite, were determined based on the simulated martensite start temperature, employing an optimized function fitted to experimental data. The developed simulation model offers potential applications in two important areas. Firstly, it can be used to adapt heat treatment processes for tools of different sizes in production, optimizing their mechanical properties. Secondly, it enables efficient optimization of heat treatment routes by considering changing initial states, leading to high process quality in terms of mechanical properties. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the estimation and control of local microstructure in tool geometries through the use of a validated simulation model.

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Effect of microstructural evolution during dry sliding on the corrosion behaviour of martensitic stainless steel

Gassner

Palkowski

Müller

et al. 2022

International Journal of Materials Research

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In this study, the effects of cycle dependent wear on the consecutive corrosion behaviour of AISI 420 in 0.15 M NaCl solution were investigated to determine the influence of the tribological microstructure alteration on the electrochemical behaviour. The results revealed adhesion dominated wear at low cycle counts that led to the formation of a lamellar microstructure with delamination and enlarged Cr-depleted areas, resulting in a significant decline in pitting corrosion resistance. As the number of cycles increased, a transition of the wear mechanisms towards abrasion was observed. The progressive deformation allowed strong grain refinement and homogenization of the microstructure, which led to a significant increase in the pitting corrosion potential.

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Microstructural Changes During Short-Term Heat Treatment of Martensitic Stainless Steel—Simulation and Experimental Verification

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

An In Situ Synchrotron Dilatometry and Atomistic Study of Martensite and Carbide Formation during Partitioning and Tempering

An In Situ Synchrotron Dilatometry and Atomistic Study of Martensite and Carbide Formation during Partitioning and Tempering

Simulation of local metastable microstructural states in large tools: construction and validation of the model

Effect of microstructural evolution during dry sliding on the corrosion behaviour of martensitic stainless steel

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