Microstructural and mechanical characterizations on Cu machined and sidewise polished by femtosecond laser

Systematic review of optimization techniques for laser beam machining

“…In the domain of medicine, LBM makes it possible to produce medical implants and equipment with complicated designs in a precise manner, so assuring that they are biocompatible and do not endanger the patient [19]. The ability of LBM to generate micro-scale features on semiconductor wafers is beneficial to the electronics industry since it enables the fabrication of sophisticated integrated circuits and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) [20][21][22][23][24]. In addition, the automobile industry makes use of LBM to produce components that are both robust and lightweight, which improves fuel economy and lowers the negative effect on the environment [25][26][27][28][29].…”

“…A4 Stainless Steel[4], Ceramics[5], Inconel 718[6], Single-Crystalline Diamond[7], Tungsten Carbide[20], Copper[21], Titanium Alloy[22,29], Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamond[23], Copper[24], Polymethyl Methacrylate[25], Gallium Nitride[26], Nickel Alloy[27], Polymethyl Methacrylate[28,89], Alumina Ceramic[106,142], Hydroxyapatite[113], Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-4V)[216], Aluminum Alloy (AA 2024)[216], Nickel-Based Super Alloy (Inconel 718)[216], Molybdenum[217], Zirconia (Zro2)[90],…”