Microstructural and mechanical characterization of laser beam welded AA6056 Al-alloy

Pakdil, Murat; Çam, Gürel; Koçak, M.; Erim, Seçil

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2011.06.010

Cited by 147 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Moreover, based on the results of the EDX point analysis presented before, the weight percent of Mg and Cu increased in the FZ as compared to the BM as a result of rapid cooling that occurred after the welding process. Therefore, unlike the results provided by several researchers about some alloys of aluminium, including 5005 and 2024 series showing a hardness reduction in the fusion zone due to the loss of strengthening elements, such as Cu and Mg in this area [14,18], herein the hardness increment can be attributed to the surplus amount of these strengthening elements in the FZ, supported by researchers that have reported the hardness increase that is obtained in the FZ by using appropriate filler wire during the welding process to compensate for the evaporation of elements [9]. Figure 11 illustrates Vickers hardness over distance from the weld centre after heat treatment at 610, 617 and 628 • C. The overall behaviour of the three graphs is similar, demonstrating a peak in the FZ, and as the distance from the weld centre increases, a drop in the hardness can be observed, implying property improvement in the FZ.…”

Section: Vickers Hardness Testmentioning

confidence: 66%

An Experimental Evaluation of Electron Beam Welded Thixoformed 7075 Aluminum Alloy Plate Material

Chegeni

Kapranos

2017

Metals

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Two plates of thixoformed 7075 aluminum alloy were joined using Electron Beam Welding (EBW). A post-welding-heat treatment (PWHT) was performed within the semi-solid temperature range of this alloy at three temperatures, 610, 617 and 628 • C, for 3 min. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of EB welded plates, as well as the heat-treated specimens, were investigated in the Base Metal (BM), Heat Affected Zone (HAZ), and Fusion Zone (FZ), using optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis), and Vickers hardness test. Results indicated that after EBW, the grain size substantially decreased from 67 µm in both BM and HAZ to 7 µm in the FZ, and a hardness increment was observed in the FZ as compared to the BM and HAZ. Furthermore, the PWHT led to grain coarsening throughout the material, along with a further increase in hardness in the FZ.

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Section: Vickers Hardness Testmentioning

confidence: 66%

An Experimental Evaluation of Electron Beam Welded Thixoformed 7075 Aluminum Alloy Plate Material

Chegeni

Kapranos

2017

Metals

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“…This is typically associated with a width W of the reduced section of about 2 mm [1,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. As seen in Figure 2, which compares the result of such a miniature tensile test (cross section of the reduced section: 2 mm x 0.5 mm) of a homogeneous material to a standard sized tensile test of the same material, there are clear but reasonable deviations in the stress-strain curve.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of weld heterogeneity through hardness mapping and miniature tensile testing

Bally

Waele

Verleysen

et al. 2015

SCAD

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Abstract:Welding is a widely adopted industrial process used for joining components. A fusion weld has a highly heterogeneous microstructure and characterisation of strength heterogeneity is difficult because of the potentially large variations over a limited distance. Hardness mapping and miniature tensile tests are two distinct approaches to this problem. This paper reports on the possibilities and limitations of both techniques. Hardness mapping is a well-documented procedure as opposed to miniature tensile testing, where the dimensions of the dogbone shaped specimens are smaller than what standards prescribe. A particular challenge is the measurement of strains in such small specimens. The authors have achieved this measurement by means of Digital Image Correlation (DIC). To that end, a sufficiently fine speckling method has been developed.Keywords: heterogeneity; hardness mapping; miniature tensile testing; DIC INTRODUCTIONWelding is one of the most common joining methods due to its generally high production speed and low associated costs. It is often associated with flexibility, integrity and reliability [1]. An example application showing the economic importance of welding is pipeline installation. Costs associated to fusion welding are estimated to make up 20% of the total cost of pipe laying. These include aligning the pipe sections, cleaning and grinding, welding, checking the weld for flaws and coating the weld [2].Notwithstanding the economical appeal of welding, the localized application of heat and melting results in a high susceptibility to material discontinuities, flaws and residual stresses, whose presence may lead to structural failure and lifetime reduction. The prediction of weld flaw acceptability ('structural integrity') is hampered by the potential presence of strongly heterogeneous microstructures. Modern day weld flaw assessment ignores this heterogeneity by assuming a homogeneous weld. As such, a generally accepted method to characterise weld heterogeneity does not yet exist. STATE OF THE ARTHeterogeneity is inherent to fusion welds, because in order to melt the weld metal and fuse it with the base metal, heat has to be locally applied. For thicker sections, weldments are created in several passes (deposition of multiple layers), resulting in a variety of zones undergoing a succession of particular heat cycles. The heat cycle determines what the microstructure transforms into, each structure having a different stress-strain response. Not only the weld metal is heterogeneous due to this, but the heat affected zone (HAZ) of the base metal (heated but non-melted metal in close vicinity of the weld) also transforms.Many conventional steel welds show a hardened HAZ due to the occurrence of stronger microstructures. In contrast, a broad range of high strength low alloy steels obtain their properties from a fine grain size, resulting from a specific heat treatment, often combined with mechanical deformation. These steels may show a softened HAZ due to grain coarsening. To quantify variations ...

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“…With its high process speeds, single-sided access, no direct tool contact with the workpiece, and being amenable robotic automation, it proved to be an ideal assembly technology for car body fabrication [2]. In comparison to other conventional welding processes, laser welding offers the benefit of a narrow heataffected zone that helps to minimize metallurgical problems [3]. Although aluminium alloys have many advantages, there are some problems are encountered with welding these alloys [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Process Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Performance of Fiber Laser-Welded AA5182 Aluminium Alloys

Yüce¹,

Tutar²,

Karpat³

et al. 2017

SV-JME

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Microstructural and mechanical characterization of laser beam welded AA6056 Al-alloy

Cited by 147 publications

References 6 publications

An Experimental Evaluation of Electron Beam Welded Thixoformed 7075 Aluminum Alloy Plate Material

An Experimental Evaluation of Electron Beam Welded Thixoformed 7075 Aluminum Alloy Plate Material

Characterisation of weld heterogeneity through hardness mapping and miniature tensile testing

The Effect of Process Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Performance of Fiber Laser-Welded AA5182 Aluminium Alloys

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