Microstructural and mechanical characterization of self-passivating W-Eurofer joints processed by brazing technique

Prado, J. de; Sal, E.; Sánchez, M.; Garcı́a-Rosales, C.; Ureña, A.

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112496

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…They did not report extensive diffusion phenomena obtaining well-defined interfaces between the filler and the base materials. However, the intrinsic characteristic of this technique implies the application of longer joining times [ 30 , 31 ]. On the other hand, the use of liquid state joining techniques usually reports higher interactions at the bonding interfaces.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring FAST Technique for Diffusion Bonding of Tungsten to EUROFERE97 in DEMO First Wall

Sánchez,

de Prado,

Izaguirre

et al. 2024

Materials

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The European Fusion Reactor (DEMO, Demonstration Power Plant) relies significantly on joining technologies in its design. Current research within the EUROfusion framework focuses on developing materials for the first wall and divertor applications, emphasizing the need for suitable joining processes, particularly for tungsten. The electric field-assisted sintering technique (FAST) emerges as a promising alternative due to its high current density, enabling rapid heating and cooling rates for fast sintering or joining. In this study, FAST was employed to join tungsten and EUROFERE97 steel, the chosen materials for the first wall, using 50-µm-thick Cu foils as interlayers. Three distinct joining conditions were tested at 980 °C for 2, 5, and 9 min at 41.97 MPa to optimize joint properties and assess FAST parameters influence. Hardness measurements revealed values around 450 HV0.1 for tungsten, 100 HV0.1 for copper, and 390 HV0.1 for EUROFER97 under all joining conditions. Increasing bonding time improved joint continuity along the EUROFER97/Cu and W/Cu interfaces. Notably, the 5 min bonding time resulted in the highest shear strength, while the 9 min sample exhibited reduced strength, possibly due to Kirkendall porosity accumulation at the EUROFER97/Cu interface. This porosity facilitated crack initiation and propagation, diminishing interfacial adhesion properties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring FAST Technique for Diffusion Bonding of Tungsten to EUROFERE97 in DEMO First Wall

Sánchez,

de Prado,

Izaguirre

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…Higher pressure produced a better bond and a more ductile fracture was reported, which is due to more disruption of oxide layers from the higher pressure. Some other studies have been conducted where the bonding between tungsten and steel was facilitated by a brazing process [177,[180][181][182][183][184][185] and explosive diffusion bonding process [186]. From all these studies, valuable information regarding the diffusion characteristics of different combinations of elements can be acquired.…”

Section: Other Diffusion Bond Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Tungsten—Steel Solid-State Bonding: Options and the Role of CALPHAD to Screen Diffusion Bonding Interlayers

Robin

Gräning

Yang

et al. 2023

Metals

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Critical aspects of innovative design in engineering disciplines like infrastructure, transportation, and medical applications require the joining of dissimilar materials. This study investigates the literature on solid-state bonding techniques, with a particular focus on diffusion bonding, as an effective method for establishing engineering bonds. Welding and brazing, while widely used, may pose challenges when joining materials with large differences in melting temperature and can lead to mechanical property degradation. In contrast, diffusion bonding offers a lower temperature process that relies on solid-state interactions to develop bond strength. The joining of tungsten and steel, especially for fusion reactors, presents a unique challenge due to the significant disparity in melting temperatures and the propensity to form brittle intermetallics. Here, diffusion characteristics of tungsten–steel interfaces are examined and the influence of bonding parameters on mechanical properties are investigated. Additionally, CALPHAD modeling is employed to explore joining parameters, thermal stability, and diffusion kinetics. The insights from this research can be extended to join numerous dissimilar materials for specific applications such as aerospace, automobile industry, power plants, etc., enabling advanced and robust design with high efficiency.

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“…The alloy film exhibited a low parabolic oxidation rate, which was over five orders of magnitude lower than that of pure tungsten at 1273 K [12][13][14]. Prado et al used a brazing technique to join a W-Cr-Y alloy to Eurofer steel with a 50 µm thick Cu interlayer, achieving high quality joints in terms of metallic continuity and strength [15]. Using the double-glow plasma surface metallurgy technology, Wang et al prepared a W-Cr-Y self-passivation alloy layer on the surface of pure tungsten.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructures and Antioxidation of W Self-Passivating Alloys: Synergistic Effect of Yttrium and Milling Time

Chen,

Xue,

Yin

et al. 2024

Metals

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Tungsten and its alloys are widely recognized as key components in high-temperature environments. In this study, self-passivating W-Si-xY alloys with varying Y content were prepared using mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The synergistic effects of Y content and milling time on the microstructures and oxidation resistance of the alloys were revealed. This study found that the oxidation resistance of the alloys increased as the Y content increased. However, the effect of milling time on oxidation resistance was complex. For W-Si-xY alloys with low Y content (0Y and 2Y), the oxidation resistance decreased with increasing milling time. In contrast, for W-Si-xY alloys with high Y content (4Y and 6Y), the oxidation resistance increased with increasing milling time. This enhanced oxidation resistance is due to the microstructural changes in the protective composite layer, including the size and distribution of W5Si3, Y2Si2O7 aggregates, and W-Y-O melt. The thickness of the oxide layer on the W-Si-6Y alloy after being oxidized at 1000 °C for 2 h was only 70.7 μm, demonstrating its superior oxidation resistance.

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Microstructural and mechanical characterization of self-passivating W-Eurofer joints processed by brazing technique

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Exploring FAST Technique for Diffusion Bonding of Tungsten to EUROFERE97 in DEMO First Wall

Exploring FAST Technique for Diffusion Bonding of Tungsten to EUROFERE97 in DEMO First Wall

Evaluation of Tungsten—Steel Solid-State Bonding: Options and the Role of CALPHAD to Screen Diffusion Bonding Interlayers

Microstructures and Antioxidation of W Self-Passivating Alloys: Synergistic Effect of Yttrium and Milling Time

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