Microstructural and mechanical characterization of expansive soils for sustainable stabilization purposes

Abstract

Expansive soils pose significant challenges due to their high potential for volume changes, leading to structural damages. This study aims to comprehensively characterize the microstructural and mechanical properties of expansive soils to facilitate selecting appropriate stabilization techniques. Advanced analytical methods including X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and mechanical tests were employed. XRD analysis identifies and quantifies swelling clay minerals influencing expansive behaviour. SEM-EDX provides insights into particle morphology, microstructure, and elemental composition. TGA and DTA reveal thermal properties and phase transitions. FTIR offers insights into organic functional groups and molecular interactions. Mechanical tests evaluate strength, compressibility and volume change characteristics. By comprehensively characterizing microstructural attributes and mechanical behaviour of expansive soils, this research enables informed selection of stabilization techniques to mitigate adverse effects on infrastructure. This findings underscore leveraging advanced analysis to tailor stabilization strategies per specific soil characteristics, enhancing effectiveness and sustainability of ground improvement solutions.