Microstructural and mechanical characteristics of 308L stainless steel manufactured by gas metal arc welding-based additive manufacturing

Le, Van Thao; Si, Dinh

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2020.127791

Cited by 52 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This is due to the fact that, the inhomogeneity of microstructures of the built metals i.e., commonly noted in the metals fabricated by WAAM process. 11 Similar trend of results was reported in. 19…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Columnar dendritic growth was dominant along the building direction, as reported in previous works. 11,13 The WAAM processed SS 321 microstructure comprised of two phases: austenite in the form of equiaxed and columnar dendrites with a small fraction of ferrite. Figure 2(b) and (c) presents the microstructure at the top region with dendritic growth revealing the re-melt boundary.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,10 WAAM technology has been successfully demonstrated in manufacturing austenitic stainless steels such as 304 L, 308 L, 316 L, and 347. 11–13 Very few studies have been performed on understanding the microstructural features and corrosion performance of SS 321 via additive manufacturing (AM). The work relevant to the current research is the electron beam additive manufacturing of SS 321, which examined the microstructure and mechanical properties in as-deposited condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructural administered mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of wire plus arc additive manufactured SS 321 plate

Kumar

Sasikumar²,

Kannan

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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Wire plus arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology with higher deposition rate and efficient material utilization was employed to fabricate a stainless steel 321 (SS 321) wall for the first time. In this work, the microstructural characteristics, mechanical properties and corrosion performance of as-built SS 321 were evaluated. The micrographs confirmed the presence of columnar and equiaxed dendrites along the building direction, and recrystallization of grains was noticed due to the re-melting of former layers. The microstructure was dominantly austenite with a small fraction of ferrite within the austenitic matrix. Better tensile properties were noticed for as-printed SS 321 WAAM samples in-comparison to wrought counterpart. This is corroborated to the equiaxed and columnar dendritic microstructure with small fraction of ferrite (FN). The hardness decreased from bottom (247 HV) to top (196 HV) region in SS 321 WAAM plate and is attributed to the microstructural difference with varying amount of ferrite (6.3 to 3.7 FN). The impact strength of samples in the horizontal and vertical direction was 116 ± 2 J and 114 ± 2.5 J respectively, and is comparable with the wrought AISI 321 (123 ± 1.5 J). The reduction in impact toughness is attributed to the ferrite (<6.3 FN) fraction. Polarization curves and Nyquist plots elucidate the excellent pitting resistance of SS 321 WAAM specimens, and the corrosion rate was less than 1 mils per year (mpy). Corrosion cracks were absent, and the passive film formation in the WAAM specimens were compact and highly stable for corrosive environments.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructural administered mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of wire plus arc additive manufactured SS 321 plate

Kumar

Sasikumar²,

Kannan

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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show abstract

“…e middle area of the deposition wall mainly constitutes uniform equiaxed grains along the generation direction [9]. When the number of deposition layers increases, due to thermal cycling, columnar grains increase and grow along the generation direction [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a New Cold Metal Transfer Arc Additive Die Manufacturing Process

Zhang

Xing

Yang

et al. 2021

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Due to its high efficiency, cold metal transfer (CMT) arc additive manufacturing presents considerable potential in the aluminium alloy additive manufacturing industry. However, during CMT arc additive manufacturing, the surrounding air environment promotes the lateral flow of liquid aluminium and the instability of the molten pool, reduces the surface quality and material utilisation of deposition walls, and causes internal hydrogen pores and coarse columnar grains, which negatively affect the structure and mechanical properties of the deposition walls. This study developed a CMT arc additive die manufacturing process to control the substrate material and deposition path to improve the physical properties of the deposition wall. The experimental results indicated that the copper plates can affect molten pool flow and material formation in the additive process, minimise hydrogen pores, and refine columnar grains. The porosity dropped from 2.03% to 0.93%, and the average grain size decreased from 16.2 ± 1.4 to 13.6 ± 1.3 μm, thereby enhancing the structure and mechanical properties of the deposition wall to attain standard additive manufacturing products.

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“…Nguyen et al [12] studied the microstructure and other properties of Ti6Al4V samples produced by selective laser sintering (SLS) technology. Le et al [13] used an industrial GMAW robot to build successfully thinwalled 308L steel components according to the WAAM process. The authors also stated that the mechanical properties of WAAM 308L walls were comparable to those of wrought 308L steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Welding Current on the Shape and Microstructure Formation of Thin-Walled Low-Carbon Parts Built by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Le¹,

Hoang²,

Tran³

et al. 2020

JST

Self Cite

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Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is nowadays gaining much attention from both the academic and industrial sectors for the manufacture of medium and large dimension metal parts because of its high deposition rate and low costs of equipment investment. In the literature, WAAM has been extensively investigated in terms of the shape and dimension accuracy of built parts. However, limited research has focused on the effects of welding parameters on the microstructural characteristics of parts manufactured by this process. In this paper, the effects of welding current in the WAAM process on the shape and the microstructure formation of built thin-walled low-carbon steel components were studied. For this purpose, the thin-walled low-carbon steel samples were built layer-by-layer on the substrates by using an industrial gas metal arc welding robot with different levels of welding current. The shape, microstructures and mechanical properties of built samples were then analyzed. The obtained results show that the welding current plays an important role in the shape stability, but does not significantly influence on the microstructure formation of built thin-walled samples. The increase of the welding current only leads to coarser grain size and resulting in decreasing the hardness of built materials in each zone of the built sample. The mechanical properties (hardness and tensile properties) of the WAAM-built thin-walled low-carbon steel parts are also comparable to those of wrought low-carbon steel, and to be adequate with real applications.

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Microstructural and mechanical characteristics of 308L stainless steel manufactured by gas metal arc welding-based additive manufacturing

Cited by 52 publications

References 10 publications

Microstructural administered mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of wire plus arc additive manufactured SS 321 plate

Microstructural administered mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of wire plus arc additive manufactured SS 321 plate

Development of a New Cold Metal Transfer Arc Additive Die Manufacturing Process

Effects of Welding Current on the Shape and Microstructure Formation of Thin-Walled Low-Carbon Parts Built by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

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