Microstructural analysis and multi‐response optimization of mechanical properties of bulk molding compound

Abstract

In this article, the mechanical properties of commercial bulk molding compounds (BMC) based on the unsaturated polyester resin were maximized by optimizing glass fiber weight (FW) and fiber length (FL). An empirical design was utilized to study the influence of each parameter and its interaction on responses. Accordingly, three levels of FW (10, 15, and 20 wt.%) and FL (3, 6, and 12 mm) were used. A full factorial design was utilized to investigate the effect of each variable and their interaction on all responses. The addition of FW improved all the results except flexibility. In addition, all responses increased except the modulus of composites by increasing FL. The compound with 15 wt.% FW and 12 mm FL was chosen as the best toughness-stiffnessstrength equilibrium among the specimens based on optimization outcomes.In addition, the R 2 obtained from the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and normal probability plots showed good compliance between the empirical results and those anticipated using a full factorial model.

Effect of fumed silica and halloysite nanoparticles on the microstructure, mechanical, and fracture properties of thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer toughened polypropylene

“…A desirability function‐based method comprises converting the predicted models of respond (y) into individual desirability functions (d). The alteration span of an individual desirability function is : Three states of desirability functions happen basis on result features [ 35 ] : Larger is better; Smaller is better; Nominal is better. …”

“…The R 2 (pred)-value is computed by orderly deleting each observation from the dataset, predicting the mathematical equation, and showing how well the model foresees the results for new observations. [35] Plus, the high R 2 (adj)-values (adjusted between 86.03% and 99.49%) and R 2 (pred)-values (adjusted between 78.83% and 99.23%) indicated that all models' predictabilities were well. The plots of normal probability investigated residuals are illustrated in Figure A1.…”

“…According to Equation (2), the EWF and non-EWF can be specified by linear regression analysis. [49][50][51][52][53][54] 3 | EXPERIMENTAL…”

“…A few authors have endeavored to maximize or minimize the properties of composites to achieve the best toughness-strengthstiffness balance in blend nanocomposites. [35,36] In our previous work, [37] the tensile, flexural, and impact properties of unsaturated polyester/styrene-butadiene rubber/ glass fiber/SiO 2 were maximized by utilizing a full factorial methodology.…”

Experimental analysis of tensile properties and essential work of fracture of fumed silica filled polypropylene toughened with thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer

“…Adding fumed silica to the PP increased Young’s modulus, which was due to the high modulus of fumed silica. 31,32 Tensile strength is strongly dependent on the stress transfer between nanoparticles and the matrix. When good adhesion between the nanoparticles and the matrix is present, the applied stress is transferred from the matrix to the particles and improves the tensile strength.…”