Microstructural abnormalities in white and gray matter in obese adolescents with and without type 2 diabetes

Nouwen, Arie; Chambers, Alison; Chechlacz, Magdalena; Higgs, Suzanne; Blissett, Jacqueline; Barrett, Timothy; Allen, Harriet A.

doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2017.07.004

Cited by 63 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Lower MWF in relation to higher insulin and IR was largely localized to posterior brain regions, while higher MWF in relation to higher insulin and IR was primarily observed in frontal, parietal, and temporal cortical brain regions (Figures 2,3). Posterior localization of white matter abnormalities has also been observed among individuals with mild cognitive impairment (38) and other aging populations (39), while several of these regions were shown to be altered in type II diabetes (40). We and others have also shown frontal and temporal white matter regions to exhibit extensive white matter alterations in aging populations (9-11); however, less is known about how myelinated fibers of these regions, particularly within the cortex, are affected by insulin and IR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Elevated Insulin and Insulin Resistance are Associated with Altered Myelin in Cognitively Unimpaired Middle‐Aged Adults

O’Grady

Dean

Yang

et al. 2019

Obesity

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Objective Insulin regulates metabolism and influences neural health. Insulin resistance (IR) and type II diabetes have been identified as risk factors for Alzheimer disease (AD). Evidence has also suggested that myelinated white matter alterations may be involved in the pathophysiology of AD; however, it is unknown whether insulin or IR affect the underlying myelin microstructure. The relationships between insulin, IR, and myelin were examined, with the hypothesis that IR would be associated with reduced myelin. Methods Cognitively unimpaired adults enriched for risk factors for AD underwent multicomponent driven equilibrium single pulse observation of T1 and T2 imaging, a myelin‐sensitive neuroimaging technique. Linear regressions were used to test the relationship between homeostatic model assessment of IR, insulin, and myelin water fraction (MWF) as well as interactions with APOE ε4. Results Both IR and insulin level were associated with altered myelin content, wherein a significant negative association with MWF was observed in white matter regions and a positive association with MWF was observed in gray matter. Conclusions The results suggest that insulin and IR influence white matter myelination in a cognitively unimpaired population. Additional studies are needed to determine the extent to which this may contribute to cognitive decline or vulnerability to neurodegenerative disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Elevated Insulin and Insulin Resistance are Associated with Altered Myelin in Cognitively Unimpaired Middle‐Aged Adults

O’Grady

Dean

Yang

et al. 2019

Obesity

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“…Reduced activity in the caudate nuclei is associated with obesity in older adults (Green, Jacobson, Haase, & Murphy, 2011). Additionally, adolescents with T2DM have been found to exhibit reduced GMV in the caudate nuclei compared to metabolically healthy age-and weight-matched controls (Nouwen et al, 2017).…”

Section: The Appetitive Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

A neural signature of metabolic syndrome

Kotkowski

Price

Franklin

et al. 2019

Human Brain Mapping

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That metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with age‐related cognitive decline is well established. The neurobiological changes underlying these cognitive deficits, however, are not well understood. The goal of this study was to determine whether MetS is associated with regional differences in gray‐matter volume (GMV) using a cross‐sectional, between‐group contrast design in a large, ethnically homogenous sample. T1‐weighted MRIs were sampled from the genetics of brain structure (GOBS) data archive for 208 Mexican‐American participants: 104 participants met or exceeded standard criteria for MetS and 104 participants were age‐ and sex‐matched metabolically healthy controls. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 74 years (37.3 ± 13.2 years, 56.7% female). Images were analyzed in a whole‐brain, voxel‐wise manner using voxel‐based morphometry (VBM). Three contrast analyses were performed, a whole sample analysis of all 208 participants, and two post hoc half‐sample analyses split by age along the median (35.5 years). Significant associations between MetS and decreased GMV were observed in multiple, spatially discrete brain regions including the posterior cerebellum, brainstem, orbitofrontal cortex, bilateral caudate nuclei, right parahippocampus, right amygdala, right insula, lingual gyrus, and right superior temporal gyrus. Age, as shown in the post hoc analyses, was demonstrated to be a significant covariate. A further functional interpretation of the structures exhibiting lower GMV in MetS reflected a significant involvement in reward perception, emotional valence, and reasoning. Additional studies are needed to characterize the influence of MetS's individual clinical components on brain structure and to explore the bidirectional association between GMV and MetS.

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“…In the last few years, an increased body of evidence has emerged on obesity-related comorbidities and metabolic alterations and their relationship with structural brain abnormalities in children and adolescents [9,[34][35][36]. For instance, Perlaki et al [36] showed that a higher degree of obesity was associated with greater volumes in the amygdala and accumbens, regions involved in the food rewards.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Brain Volume between Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Overweight and Obese Children: The Role of Fitness

Cadenas‐Sanchez

Esteban‐Cornejo

Migueles

et al. 2020

JCM

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The aim of this study was to examine whether metabolically healthy overweight/obese children have greater global and regional gray matter volumes than their metabolically unhealthy peers. We further examined the association between gray matter volume and academic achievement, along with the role of cardiorespiratory fitness in these associations. A total of 97 overweight/obese children (10.0 ± 1.2 years) participated. We classified children as metabolically healthy/unhealthy based on metabolic syndrome cut-offs. Global and regional brain volumes were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Academic achievement was assessed using the Woodcock-Muñoz standardized test. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by the 20 m shuttle run test. Metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHO) children had greater regional gray matter volume compared to those who were metabolically unhealthy (MUO) (all p ≤ 0.001). A similar trend was observed for global gray matter volume (p = 0.06). Global gray matter volume was positively related to academic achievement (β = 0.237, p = 0.036). However, all the associations were attenuated or disappeared after adjusting for cardiorespiratory fitness (p > 0.05). The findings of the present study support that metabolically healthy overweight/obese children have greater gray matter volume compared to those that are metabolically unhealthy, which is in turn related to better academic achievement. However, cardiorespiratory fitness seems to explain, at least partially, these findings.

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Microstructural abnormalities in white and gray matter in obese adolescents with and without type 2 diabetes

Cited by 63 publications

References 54 publications

Elevated Insulin and Insulin Resistance are Associated with Altered Myelin in Cognitively Unimpaired Middle‐Aged Adults

Elevated Insulin and Insulin Resistance are Associated with Altered Myelin in Cognitively Unimpaired Middle‐Aged Adults

A neural signature of metabolic syndrome

Differences in Brain Volume between Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Overweight and Obese Children: The Role of Fitness

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