Recently, extensive requirements have developed for ultra-wideband (UWB)
IntroductionThere are many applications for UWB technology at the present time, such as mobile radio and wireless communication with pulses that are less than a nanosecond. UWB techn0logoy is used extensively because it provides several advantages, including 1) low complexity and low cost, 2) high quality service, 3) high transmission rates, and 4) operational flexibility [1]. To meet the requirements of applications in wireless communication systems, small microstrip antennas can be designed that have ultra-wide bandwidths of frequency that allows them to achieve high-capacity bit rates of several hundred Mbps or even Gbps for distances up to 10 meters. The UWB frequencies are allocated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States, and the frequency spectrum ranges from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz with a low-power spectral density of -41.3 dBm/MHz [2]. Thus, we proposed a sensitive microstrip-patch antenna with a reflection coefficient of less than -10 dB that has high gain, good directivity, small size, and transmission-line feeding but which is also lightweight. Many shapes have been designed to achieve the desired UWB characteristics, such as the diamond antenna [3] for the operational band 3.38 to 14 GHz; the T-slotted, ground-plane antenna [4] with a frequency range of 3.1 to 11.5GHz; the 'smart antenna' for spatial rake receivers [5]; UWB slotted microstrip patch antenna using FR4 material of 4.4 dielectric constant and dimensions are 30mm x 55mm [6]; the dual-band, notched antenna with curved was proposed by [7] to operate from 2.5 to 12 GHz; the two-port, circular-patch antenna for divers applications [8]; the bow-tie, planar, wideband dipole with a frequency range between 4 and 9 GHz [9]; a four-element, microstrip, antenna array that was presented in [10] to attract the radiated data in the FCC frequency range; a planar monopole antenna with an octagonal-shaped patch that was produced by [11] and multi-band and wideband antenna was designed by [12] to operate in the allocated bandwidth for UWB wireless communications; fork-shaped radiating patch was proposed by [13] to cover Bluetooth and UWB frequency bands and the fabricated substrate