Microsporidiosis in HIV‐Positive Children in Madrid (Spain).

Águila, C. del; Navajas, Raquel; Gurbindo, Dolores; Ramos, José Tomás; Mellado, MJ; Fenoy, S.; Fernández, Marcelo; Subirats, Mercedes; RUIZ, Jesus; Pleniazek, Norman J.

doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1997.tb05798.x

Cited by 37 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…This fact is supported by the number of control samples spiked with the cloned microsporidia DNA which were impossible to amplify. Their proportion was higher than those usually found in previous studies with fecal samples from other countries [49], [71]. We can only speculate that the characteristics of the diets or treatments followed by these patients may contain PCR inhibitors.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

“…IFAT was performed by coating the slides with 5 µl of each unconcentrated stool sample. Specific polyclonal antibodies from rabbit for E. hellem (1/500), E. intestinalis and E. cuniculi (1/400) [49], [50], [51] and a monoclonal antibody for E. bieneusi [52] were used. Subsequently, the fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated anti-rabbit (Sigma Cat.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and Characterization of Microsporidia from Fecal Samples of HIV-Positive Patients from Lagos, Nigeria

et al. 2012

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Background Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites that infect a broad range of vertebrates and invertebrates. They have been increasingly recognized as human pathogens in AIDS patients, mainly associated with a life-threatening chronic diarrhea and systemic disease. However, to date the global epidemiology of human microsporidiosis is poorly understood, and recent data suggest that the incidence of these pathogens is much higher than previously reported and may represent a neglected etiological agent of more common diseases indeed in immunocompetent individuals. To contribute to the knowledge of microsporidia molecular epidemiology in HIV-positive patients in Nigeria, the authors tested stool samples proceeding from patients with and without diarrhea. Methodology/Principal Findings Stool samples from 193 HIV-positive patients with and without diarrhea (67 and 126 respectively) from Lagos (Nigeria) were investigated for the presence of microsporidia and Cryptosporidium using Weber’s Chromotrope-based stain, Kinyoun stain, IFAT and PCR. The Weber stain showed 45 fecal samples (23.3%) with characteristic microsporidia spores, and a significant association of microsporidia with diarrhea was observed (O.R. = 18.2; CI: 95%). A similar result was obtained using Kinyoun stain, showing 44 (31,8%) positive samples with structures morphologically compatible with Cryptosporidium sp, 14 (31.8%) of them with infection mixed with microsporidia. The characterization of microsporidia species by IFAT and PCR allowed identification of Enterocytozoon bieneusi , Encephalitozoon intestinalis and E. cuniculi in 5, 2 and 1 samples respectively. The partial sequencing of the ITS region of the rRNA genes showed that the three isolates of E.bieneusi studied are included in Group I, one of which bears the genotype B. Conclusions/Significance To our knowledge, this is the first report of microsporidia characterization in fecal samples from HIV-positive patients from Lagos, Nigeria. These results focus attention on the need to include microsporidial diagnosis in the management of HIV/AIDS infection in Nigeria, at the very least when other more common pathogens have not been detected.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Characterization of Microsporidia from Fecal Samples of HIV-Positive Patients from Lagos, Nigeria

et al. 2012

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“…Both Immunocompromised and immunocompetent populations are affected with this infection, with data on microsporidia presence not only in HIV/AIDS patients [16], [17], [18] but also in HIV-negative patients including travelers [19], the elderly [20], organ transplant recipients [21], Crohn’s disease patients [22] and the immunocompetent population [23]. Similar to data described worldwide, E. bieneusi is the species most frequently identified.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Microsporidia Detection and Genotyping Study of Human Pathogenic E. bieneusi in Animals from Spain

et al. 2014

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Microsporidia are ubiquitous parasites infecting all animal phyla and we present evidence that supports their zoonotic potential. Fecal samples taken from domestic (cats and dogs), farm (pigs, rabbits and ostriches) and wild animals (foxes) from different provinces of Spain were evaluated for microsporidia infection by light microscopy and PCR. After Microsporidia species identification, E. bieneusi genotypes were additionally studied by sequence analysis of the ITS region. Eighty-five samples out of 159 exhibited structures that were compatible with microsporidia spores by Webeŕs stain with 37 of them being confirmed by PCR. Microsporidia species identified included E. bieneusi, E. intestinalis and A. algerae. We report the first diagnosis of E. intestinalis and E. bieneusi in ostriches and A. algerae in pigs. We also provide new information on the molecular characterization of E. bieneusi isolates both in rabbits and ostriches. All of the E. bieneusi genotypes identified belonged to the zoonotic group of genotypes (Group I) including genotypes A (dogs), I (pigs), D (rabbits and foxes) and type IV (ostriches). Our results demonstrate that microsporidia are present in domestic, farm and wild animals in Spain, corroborating their potential role as a source of human infection and environmental contamination.

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“…Microsporidial small subunit rRNA (SSU-rRNA) coding regions were amplified using the following species-specific primers: EBIEF1/EBIER1 for E. bieneusi (9), SINTF/SINTR for E. intestinalis (10), ECUNF/ECUNR for E. cuniculi, and EHELF/EHELR for E. hellem (54). PCR amplification was done with the GenAmp kit (Perkin-Elmer Cetus, Norwalk, CT) according to manufacturer's procedures, and the conditions for the reaction were described previously (13). Purified samples were tested for the presence of PCR inhibitors by spiking the samples with the corresponding cloned SSU-rRNA coding region, as described previously (13).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCR amplification was done with the GenAmp kit (Perkin-Elmer Cetus, Norwalk, CT) according to manufacturer's procedures, and the conditions for the reaction were described previously (13). Purified samples were tested for the presence of PCR inhibitors by spiking the samples with the corresponding cloned SSU-rRNA coding region, as described previously (13).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Detection and Genotyping of Human-Associated Microsporidia in Pigeons from Urban Parks

Haro

Izquierdo

Henriques‐Gil

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

108

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Microsporidia are ubiquitous opportunistic parasites in nature infecting all animal phyla, and the zoonotic potential of this parasitosis is under discussion. Fecal samples from 124 pigeons from seven parks of Murcia (Spain) were analyzed. Thirty-six of them (29.0%) showed structures compatible with microsporidia spores by staining methods. The DNA isolated from 26 fecal samples (20.9%) of microsporidia-positive pigeons was amplified with specific primers for the four most frequent human microsporidia. Twelve pigeons were positive for only Enterocytozoon bieneusi (9.7%), 5 for Encephalitozoon intestinalis (4%), and one for Encephalitozoon hellem (0.8%). Coinfections were detected in eight additional pigeons: E. bieneusi and E. hellem were detected in six animals (4.8%); E. bieneusi was associated with E. intestinalis in one case (0.8%); and E. hellem and E. intestinalis coexisted in one pigeon. No positive samples for Encephalitozoon cuniculi were detected. The internally transcribed spacer genotype could be completed for one E. hellem-positive pigeon; the result was identical to the genotype A1 previously characterized in an E. hellem Spanish strain of human origin. To our knowledge, this is the first time that human-related microsporidia have been identified in urban park pigeons. Moreover, we can conclude that there is no barrier to microsporidia transmission between park pigeons and humans for E. intestinalis and E. hellem. This study is of environmental and sanitary interest, because children and elderly people constitute the main visitors of parks and they are populations at risk for microsporidiosis. It should also contribute to the better design of appropriate prophylactic measures for populations at risk for opportunistic infections.Microsporidia are intracellular obligate parasites mainly considered as opportunistic pathogens (58), ubiquitous in nature, infecting all animal phyla (6, 59). Although initially associated with AIDS patients, they are being detected in increasing numbers in immunocompetent patients and thus are gaining attention as emerging pathogens (25,33,35,53,56). The phylum Microsporidia contains over 144 genera and 1,200 species (59). The number of genera implicated in human microsporidiosis has increased at the same rate as the improvements in diagnostic techniques, and the interest in this group of parasites has grown accordingly. To date, eight genera are recognized as human pathogens: Nosema, Vittaforma, Pleistophora, Encephalitozoon, Enterocytozoon, Brachiola, Trachipleistophora, and Microsporidium. Among these, Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the species of microsporidia that most frequently causes infection in humans, followed by Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Encephalitozoon hellem, and Encephalitozoon cuniculi.

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Microsporidiosis in HIV‐Positive Children in Madrid (Spain).

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Identification and Characterization of Microsporidia from Fecal Samples of HIV-Positive Patients from Lagos, Nigeria

Identification and Characterization of Microsporidia from Fecal Samples of HIV-Positive Patients from Lagos, Nigeria

Microsporidia Detection and Genotyping Study of Human Pathogenic E. bieneusi in Animals from Spain

First Detection and Genotyping of Human-Associated Microsporidia in Pigeons from Urban Parks

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