Microsporidia in Vertebrates: Host-Parasite Relations at the Organismal Level

Canning, Elizabeth U.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3114-8_6

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Infections with the present species were detected by the occurrence of black xenomas distributed in the body cavity of the infected fish. Similar observations have been recorded by Canning (1976) and Weissenberg (1976). Both authors stated that in fish, a peculiar type of host-parasite relationship occurs when microsporidia induce the development of xenomas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Ultrastructure, development, and host–parasite relationship of a new species of the genus Pleistophora—a microsporidian parasite of the marine fish Epinephelus chlorostignei

et al. 2009

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The life cycle of a new microsporidian of the genus Pleistophora is described. This parasite infects the epithelial cells of the gut and the peritoneal cavity of the Red Sea fish, Epinephelus chlorostignei. All stages develop within a special structure, the sporophorocyst, which is covered by a thick dense wall. This wall grows along with the growth of the parasites inside. Meronts are uni- to binucleate, which divide and constantly give rise to sporonts. During transition to sporonts, the cell border of the meronts increases its thickness, temporarily featuring thick irregular projections. Eventually, a uniform thick sporont wall is formed; then, the sporont cells detach themselves from the wall (future wall of the sporophorous vesicle, SPV) and start a series of divisions to produce sporoblasts. The SPV wall is compact, has no pores, and consists of two layers. Mature spores measure about 2.0 x 1.8 microm. They possess a polar filament with 20-28 coils, a posterior vacuole, and a polaroplast made up of an outer part of dense and closely spaced lamellae encircling an inner part of widely spaced lamellae. All morphological and ultrastructural features indicate that the described microsporidian parasite belongs to the genus Pleistophora.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Ultrastructure, development, and host–parasite relationship of a new species of the genus Pleistophora—a microsporidian parasite of the marine fish Epinephelus chlorostignei

et al. 2009

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“…Similar observations have been recorded previously (Canning 1976;Maurand et al 1988;Weissenberg 1976;Lom et al 1993;Matos et al 2005;Kent and Speare 2005;Lom and Dyková 2005;Lovy et al 2007;Casal et al 2008;Abdel-Ghaffar et al 2009Stephens 2009); these authors stated that in fish, a type of host-parasite relationship occurs when microsporidia induce the development of xenomas. Muscle tissue turns opaque and cloudy in affected fish, appearing granular and unappetizing for anglers (Lom et al 2000a, b, c;Sutherland et al 2000;Lom 2002;Sutherland 2002;Sutherland 2002;Sutherland et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Morphological and molecular biological characterization of Pleistophora aegyptiaca sp. nov. infecting the Red Sea fish Saurida tumbil

et al. 2011

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One hundred three out of 225 (45.8%) of the Red Sea fish Saurida tumbil were infected with microsporidian parasites. The infection was recorded as tumor-like masses (whitish macroscopic cysts) or xenomas often up to 2 cm in diameter and embedded in the peritoneal cavity. Generally, the infection was increased during winter 63.8% (86 out of 135) and fall to 18.9% (17 out of 90) in summer. Light microscopic study revealed that xenomas were encapsulated by a fibrous layer encircling numerous sporophorous vesicles filled with mature spores measuring 1.7 ± 0.6 (1.5-2.7 μm) × 1.5 ± 0.3 μm (1.2-1.8 μm) in size. Ultrastructural microscopic study showed the presence of smooth membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum forming a thick, amorphous coat surrounding various developmental stages of the parasite. The various recognizable stages of the parasite were uninuclear, binucleated, and multinucleated meronts followed by detachment of the plasmalemma of the sporont from the sporophorous vesicle producing sporoblasts. Mature spores consist of a spore coat and spore contents. The spore contents consist of the uninucleated sporoplasm and a posterior vacuole located at the posterior end. The polar tube consists of a straight shaft and a coiled region (26-32 coils) arranged in many rows along the inside periphery of the spore. The polaroplast consisted of an anterior region of closely and loosely packed membranes. Molecular analysis based on the small subunit rDNA gene was performed to determine the phylogenetic position of the present species. The percentage identity between this species and a range of other microsporidia predominantly from aquatic hosts demonstrated a high degree of similarity (>92%) with eight Pleistophora species. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences and divergence showed that the sequence of the present microsporidium was most similar to that of Pleistophora anguillarum (99.8% identity) differing in 13 nucleotide positions. So, the present species was recorded and phylogenetically positioned as a new species of Pleistophora.

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“…10). Similar observations have been recorded by some authors (Canning 1976;Weissenberg 1976;Matos et al 2005;Kent and Speare 2005;Lom and Dykova 2005;Lovy et al 2007;Casal et al 2008;Stephens 2009). All these authors stated that the type of host-parasite relationship involving microsporidia is often characterized by the production of xenomas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Microsporidian parasites: a danger facing marine fishes of the Red Sea

et al. 2010

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Out of 600 marine fish from the Red Sea belonging to three different species that were collected and examined for microsporidian parasites, 87 (14.5%) fish were found to be infected. The infection was recorded as cysts or xenomas embedded in the gut epithelium and the peritoneal cavity of the three fish species. The highest percent of infection with microsporidian parasites was recorded in Saurida tumbil 19.5% (39/200) followed by Pagrus pagrus 15% (45/300) and the lowest percent of infection was recorded in Epinephelus chlorostigma 3% (three out of 100). After rupture of the cysts, the spores were released and examined by light microscopy. Each spore was elongated to ellipsoidal in shape and possessed a posterior vacuole which is characteristic to phylum Microspora. They measure 1.6 ± 0.5 μm (1.5-2.4 μm) × 1.3 ± 0.1 μm (1.3-2.0 μm) in Saurida tumbil and Pagrus pagrus, respectively. The spores of Pleistophora sp recorded from E. chlorostigma were ovoid to pyriform in shape and measure 1.9 ± 0.5 μm (1.8-2.7 μm) × 1.6 ± 0.4 μm (1.5-2.4 μm).

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Microsporidia in Vertebrates: Host-Parasite Relations at the Organismal Level

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Ultrastructure, development, and host–parasite relationship of a new species of the genus Pleistophora—a microsporidian parasite of the marine fish Epinephelus chlorostignei

Ultrastructure, development, and host–parasite relationship of a new species of the genus Pleistophora—a microsporidian parasite of the marine fish Epinephelus chlorostignei

Morphological and molecular biological characterization of Pleistophora aegyptiaca sp. nov. infecting the Red Sea fish Saurida tumbil

Microsporidian parasites: a danger facing marine fishes of the Red Sea

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