Microsporidia and Coccidia as Causes of Persistence Diarrhea Among Liver Transplant Children

Agholi, Mahmoud; Hatam, Gholamreza; Motazedian, Mohammad Hossein

doi:10.1097/inf.0b013e318273d95f

Cited by 49 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Post-transplant diarrhea is a common and distressing occurrence in patients, which can have significant deleterious effects on the clinical course and well-being of organ recipients. The true incidence of diarrhea in liver transplant recipients is unknown but possibly ranges from 10 to 43%—according to published studies in other solid organ and bone marrow transplantation (Azami et al 2010; Galván et al 2011; Agholi et al 2013). Our observations did not agree with these data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium, Blastocystis, and other opportunistic infections in patients with primary and acquired immunodeficiency

et al. 2018

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Intestinal opportunistic infections are often caused by unicellular parasites. Individuals with decreased immunity are particularly susceptible to infection by said microorganisms, and when they are infected, diarrhea can be the main clinical manifestation. However, intestinal parasites have rarely been taken into account in intestinal disorders. In our study, an investigation was conducted to determine the prevalence of intestinal micro-pathogens, such as Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Blastocystis, and microsporidia, in hospitalized patients with different immunological statuses. The study at hand indicates that protozoan parasitic infections are rare among immunodeficient patients in Poland. The overall prevalence of micro-pathogens among participants was 4.6%; it was three times higher in adults (12.5%) than in children (2.3%). Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora species (Apicomplexa) were diagnosed as the main cause of heavy diarrhea. Accordingly, adult patients were positive mainly for Blastocystis and microsporidia, while children were more often infected with the Cryptosporidium species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium, Blastocystis, and other opportunistic infections in patients with primary and acquired immunodeficiency

et al. 2018

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“…The research in Iran, on the prevalence of the microorganisms, have been performed, including the prevalence investigations in various animals and pigeons (11,12) (13), and HIV+/AIDS patients (14); however, the current study is a novel research in wild rats. Although, the parasites are self -limited in immunocompetent people, it can be life -threatening in immunodeficient patients (3,7).…”

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Diagnosis of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. in Wild Rats of Southwest of Iran

Tavalla

Kazemi

Kateki

et al. 2018

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: Microsporidiosis is considered as an opportunistic infection in immunodeficient patients. Objectives: Due to the increasing prevalence of parasitic infections and immunodeficiency diseases as well as the transmission risk of microsporidia from animals to human, the aim of this study was to evaluate molecular diagnosis of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. by the multiplex/nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and staining methods in wild rats of Ahvaz city, southwest of Iran. Methods: Initially, 160 stool samples were collected from wild rats in different parts of Ahvaz city. The samples were stained by the modified trichrome staining and explored microscopically. The DNA was extracted using the DNA stool kit and examined by multiplex/nested PCR. For differentiating the species of Encephalitozoon, the multiplex/nested PCR products were explored by the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method using the restriction enzyme of Mnl1. Results: Of 160, 26 cases were suspected positive for microsporidia spore by the staining. Also, of 160, 18 cases were positive by the multiplex/nested PCR method, that 14 and 4 samples were detected as E. bieneusi and E. intestinalis, respectively. Of 14 E. bieneusi samples, 12 and 2 cases were detected as genotype D and M, respectively. Conclusions: The findings revealed a relatively high prevalence of microsporidia infection in wild rats of the city and these animals can be a source of microsporidiosis. Due to the zoonotic potential of the microorganisms, high -risk individuals should be receiving the information about the risk of direct and indirect contact with the infected animals.

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“…The renewed investigation was made by a review of histopathologic examination and imaging studies as well as nested-PCR techniques on the residual paraffin-embedded biopsy tissues by using specific primers of the coccidian protozoan parasites [5].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cystoisosporiasis-related human acalculous cholecystitis: the need for increased awareness

Agholi¹,

Aliabadi²,

Hatam³

2016

pjp

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Cholecystitis is one of the common surgical indications affecting human beings in many countries. A variety of infectious agents can be associated with acute or chronic acalculous cholecystitis, especially in HIV/AIDS patients. In this investigation, the authors aim to describe two cases of histologically and molecularly documented cystoisosporiasis (syn. isosporiasis) as the cause of chronic acalculous cholecystitis in two immunodeficient patients. During microscopic examinations of more than 2500 diarrheic patients' samples, 11 cases of cystoisosporiasis-related recurrent persistent/chronic diarrhea were detected. A review of the medical records of Cystoisospora belli (syn. Isospora belli)-positive patients showed that two of them, i.e. a patient with prolonged corticosteroid therapy and an AIDS patient, several months prior to fecal examinations had undergone cholecystectomy due to acalculous cholecystitis. The study was continued by a review of the histopathological investigation of the recuts prepared from the excised gallbladder tissue sections and stained with hematoxylin and eosin in order to detect a possible specific clinical correlation with cystoisosporiasis. Light microscopic examination revealed the presence of various developmental stages of a coccidial parasite, namely Cystoisospora belli, in both patients' gallbladder tissue sections. To the best of our knowledge, C. belli-associated cholecystitis has not been previously reported in a patient with prolonged corticosteroid therapy.

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Microsporidia and Coccidia as Causes of Persistence Diarrhea Among Liver Transplant Children

Cited by 49 publications

References 33 publications

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium, Blastocystis, and other opportunistic infections in patients with primary and acquired immunodeficiency

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium, Blastocystis, and other opportunistic infections in patients with primary and acquired immunodeficiency

Molecular Diagnosis of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. in Wild Rats of Southwest of Iran

Cystoisosporiasis-related human acalculous cholecystitis: the need for increased awareness

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