Microsized aluminum/ammonium dinitramide core-shell particles to improve the combustion performance of aluminum powders

Li, Jingjing; Tang, Weiqiang; Liu, Zhenhui; Cong, Kun; Gong, Li; Li, Jianmin; Yang, Rongjie

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.164349

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The larger the takeoff angle, the deeper the detected thickness. All the N 1s spectra of raw ADN, ADN-0% MMT, and ADN-1% MMT at different toa can be deconvoluted into three peaks, which are attributed to −NO 2 (404.0–405.6 eV), NH 4 + (399.8–401.3 eV), and N (NO 2 ) 2 – (398.2–398.8 eV), − respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulating Chemistry Composition on a Crystal Surface by Introducing a Cation Trapping Agent: A Novel Strategy to Tune Moisture Sensitivity of Crystals

Yang

Lan

et al. 2023

Langmuir

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The crystal moisture sensitivity can be tuned by the chemical composition on the crystal surface. Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) crystal is a promising oxidizer for solid propellants. However, its strong moisture sensitivity greatly limits its practical applications. Here, we report a novel strategy to reduce moisture sensitivity by trapping ammonium cations with montmorillonite (MMT) to modulate the chemistry composition on the ADN crystal surface. An extraordinary phenomenon can be found: the crystal surface of the recrystallized ADN with 1% MMT (ADN-1% MMT) is rearranged with more low-surface-energy −NO2 groups (65.84%) and less high-surface-energy NH4 + groups (4.8%). In addition, ADN-1% MMT presents a more homogeneous low surface energy feature with a narrower surface energy distribution. As a result, ADN-1% MMT exhibits a noticeably lower hygroscopicity at 20 °C and 60% RH, which is accordant with the simulated hygroscopicity based on XRD and moisture sensitivity prediction based on surface energy. This study brings out a novel modification idea to adjust crystal moisture sensitivity by tuning the chemistry composition on the crystal surface based on trapping cations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulating Chemistry Composition on a Crystal Surface by Introducing a Cation Trapping Agent: A Novel Strategy to Tune Moisture Sensitivity of Crystals

Yang

Lan

et al. 2023

Langmuir

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“…The surface free energy is the energy of a finite layer thickness attached to the crystal surface, the value of which reflects the intermolecular interaction forces at the surface of the crystal. 26 Surface free energy is related to hygroscopicity, and surfaces with higher free energies exhibit stronger hygroscopicity. 27 The surface free energy and attachment energy of the crystals are strongly correlated.…”

Section: Modified Attachment Energy Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of ADN Crystal Surface Properties by Additives

Zheng,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In this paper, a method to reduce the hygroscopicity of the energetic oxidizer ammonium dinitramide (ADN) was proposed by modulating the surface properties of ADN crystals with additive microdoping. Cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (octogen, HMX) was selected as the additive, and a threelayer solventization model was constructed based on the adhesion energy theory by placing the additive in the solvent layer. The modified adhesion energies and moisture absorption rates of each ADN crystal surface were calculated under the effects of different solvents and additives. The effects of additives on the crystal growth and crystal morphology of ADN in the presence of different solvents were investigated. The interactions between different solvents and crystalline surfaces were analyzed, and the modification of the attachment energy was calculated. The results showed that utilizing HMX as an additive significantly influenced the ADN crystal morphology, crystal face occupancy, and growth rate in different solvent environments. HMX showed the best antihygroscopicity performance as an ADN additive in a dichloromethane (DCM) solvent environment, and the percentage of antihygroscopic crystal faces on the ADN crystal surfaces increased up to 74.70%.

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“…Co‐crystallization combines ADN with ligands to form new crystals, which can change the characteristics and morphology of ADN crystals and significantly reduce their moisture absorption. However, the ADN content in these cocrystals is significantly reduced due to the introduction of a large number of ligand molecules, which affects their energy properties when used as energetic materials [94]. Surface coatings that cover ADN with a layer of anti‐hygroscopic materials are widely used as an ADN anti‐hygroscopic modification strategy [69].…”

Section: Integrated Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti‐hygroscopicity technologies for ammonium dinitramide: A review**

Tian

Zhao

Chen

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Valuable propellants have the characteristics of high impulse, low pollution, and strong stability, and oxidizers play a substantial role in determining the performance of propellants. Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is a relatively promising oxidizer due to its high‐energy and chlorine‐free characteristics. However, although ADN exhibits high energy performance compared with traditional oxidizers, the high hygroscopicity of ADN when exposed to high humidity restricts its broader application in solid propellants. This review highlights the necessity of utilizing anti‐hygroscopicity strategies with ADN to extend its application. The anti‐hygroscopicity mechanism of ADN is summarized by calculations and experimental results. Anti‐hygroscopicity technologies that can be used with ADN include prilling, surface coating, and co‐crystallization, and these technologies are comprehensively summarized herein. This review is intended to provide insight into the use of anti‐hygroscopicity technologies with ADN, highlight the challenges of these methods, and point out future development directions.

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Microsized aluminum/ammonium dinitramide core-shell particles to improve the combustion performance of aluminum powders

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Regulating Chemistry Composition on a Crystal Surface by Introducing a Cation Trapping Agent: A Novel Strategy to Tune Moisture Sensitivity of Crystals

Regulating Chemistry Composition on a Crystal Surface by Introducing a Cation Trapping Agent: A Novel Strategy to Tune Moisture Sensitivity of Crystals

Modulation of ADN Crystal Surface Properties by Additives

Anti‐hygroscopicity technologies for ammonium dinitramide: A review**

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