“…To date, a large amount of microbial populations have been isolated or detected in oil reservoirs worldwide (Lenchi et al, 2013; Al-Sayegh et al, 2015; Gao et al, 2016; Okoro et al, 2016; Su et al, 2018). These microorganisms are versatile: some species can degrade crude oil, some can produce biosurfactants (Liu et al, 2015; Cui et al, 2017; Qi et al, 2018), biopolymers (Bi et al, 2016; Xia et al, 2018; Zhao et al, 2018), or biogases (Dong et al, 2015; Zhu et al, 2015), and have been used to mobilize and recover residual oil from oil-bearing rocks (Youssef et al, 2009; Wang et al, 2014; Yi et al, 2018). In addition, nitrate can be used to reduce formation of hydrogen sulfide produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) based on the competitive inhibition of nitrate-reducing bacteria on SRB (Gieg et al, 2011; Gassara et al, 2015).…”