Microscopic Observations of Freezing Phenomena in PEM Fuel Cells at Cold Starts

Chikahisa, Takemi

doi:10.1080/01457632.2013.703579

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This is the same as the time required to rise from the start-up temperature to 0 • C mentioned above, which shows that the PEMFC achieves a better effect of cold start under the condition of control Strategy 2. The difference is that the time T a required to rise from the start-up temperature to 0 • C evaluates the quality of the cold start from the state of the stack itself, and the time T I from start-up to the half-rated power reflects the quality of the cold start from the output performance [30]. Of course, this only evaluates the impact of different control strategies on Stack A.…”

Section: Parameter T Imentioning

confidence: 99%

A High-Efficiency Cooperative Control Strategy of Active and Passive Heating for a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Shen

Pan

et al. 2021

Energies

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The key to overcome PEMFC cold start failure is to raise the stack temperature above 0 °C before the electrochemical reaction. As the electrochemical reaction progresses, reaction heat is released inside the stack, which will heat the PEMFC stack. This heating method is called passive heating, referred to as PH in this article. Another method, called active heating, or simplified to AH in this article, involves artificially adding a device to the stack to input extra heat to the stack to increase the stack temperature more quickly and reduce the icing rate of the stack water. In this study, an optimal cooperative control strategy of AH and PH is explored by integrating AH and PH. The most effective cold start can be achieved when the temperature of the stack is raised to −20 °C by using AH with the reaction heat of the stack itself. This study provides guidance for optimizing the cold start performance of a PEMFC.

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Section: Parameter T Imentioning

confidence: 99%

A High-Efficiency Cooperative Control Strategy of Active and Passive Heating for a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Shen

Pan

et al. 2021

Energies

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“…Almost all of the above-mentioned damages to the MEA are related to water in the fuel cell and are caused by freeze/thaw cycles or the cold start operation; therefore, researchers have attempted to study the water phase states, phase changes [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], water transport models [ 23 , 24 , 25 ], liquid and ice distribution [ 26 , 27 ], and other behaviors of water in fuel cells at subzero temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Dimensional Simulation of the Freezing Characteristics in PEMFCs during Cold Start Considering Ice Crystallization Kinetics

et al. 2022

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Cold start is one of the major issues that hinders the commercialization of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this study, a 2D transient multi-physics model is developed to simulate the cold start processes in a PEMFC. The phase change between water vapor, liquid water, and ice in the catalyst layers (CLs), micro porous layer (MPLs), and gas diffusion layers (GDLs) is also investigated, particularly the effect of ice crystallization kinetics when supercooled liquid water changes into ice. The factors affecting the different operating conditions and structural features of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) are investigated. The results show that when the start temperature is −20 °C or higher, ice formation is delayed and the formation rate is decreased, and supercooled liquid water permeates from the CL into the MPL. For an MEA with relatively high hydrophobicity, the water permeation rate is high. These results can enable a PEMFC to start at subzero temperatures. The effect of ice crystallization kinetics is negligible when the fuel cell is started at −30 °C or below.

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Investigation of the effect of micro-porous layer on PEM fuel cell cold start operation

et al. 2018

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Microscopic Observations of Freezing Phenomena in PEM Fuel Cells at Cold Starts

Abstract: In Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs),

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

A High-Efficiency Cooperative Control Strategy of Active and Passive Heating for a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

A High-Efficiency Cooperative Control Strategy of Active and Passive Heating for a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Two-Dimensional Simulation of the Freezing Characteristics in PEMFCs during Cold Start Considering Ice Crystallization Kinetics

Investigation of the effect of micro-porous layer on PEM fuel cell cold start operation

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