Microscopic identification of carbonaceous particles in stack ash from pulverized-coal combustion

Griest, W.H.; Harris, Larry A.

doi:10.1016/0016-2361(85)90017-1

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…2.5 in surface area, the lighter usually having the greater area. Griest and Harris have observed different types of carbonaceous particles in coal ash fractions [24]. Examination under an optical microscope revealed that the heavy carbon fractions contained particles similar to what Griest and Harris construed as "less coked," whereas the light carbon fractions contained particles similar to what they called "coke" and "lacy carbon.…”

Section: )contrasting

confidence: 54%

Photochemical transformation of pyrene vapor deposited on eleven subfractions of a high‐carbon coal stack ash

Miller¹,

Wehry²,

Mamantov³

1990

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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A high‐carbon coal stack ash has been separated by particle size and then by composition, into strongly magnetic, weakly magnetic, “nonmagnetic” mineral, heavy carbon and light carbon fractions. Eleven of these fractions have been characterized by bulk iron and carbon analyses and BET surface area determinations. The photochemical transformation of pyrene, deposited from the vapor phase onto these eleven ash fractions, has been studied. Appreciable phototransformation of adsorbed pyrene was observed for only three fractions; in those fractions, the bulk percentage of carbon (0.4–0.7%) and the specific surface area (0.50–0.68 m2/g) were both very low. For all fractions having bulk carbon percentages ≥ 4% and specific surface areas ≥ 2.85 m2/g, no detectable phototransformation of adsorbed pyrene was observed. There was no discernible correlation of photochemical reactivity of adsorbed pyrene with the iron content of the ash fractions. In general, the specific surface area of the fractions increased with increased carbon content; two different forms of carbon having different surface areas were observed.

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Section: )contrasting

confidence: 54%

Photochemical transformation of pyrene vapor deposited on eleven subfractions of a high‐carbon coal stack ash

Miller¹,

Wehry²,

Mamantov³

1990

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…They are generated from incompletely burnt oil drops (Peterson 1972, McCrone & Delly 1973, and a vast majority (90 %) of the carbonaceous particles are spheroidal (Shen et al 1977, Bacci et al 1983, Del Monte et al 1984. Coarse carbonaceous particles are also emitted during coal combustion but they only constitute a minor part of the fly-ash (Del Monte & Sabbioni 1984, Griest & Harris 1985 and as they are generated from incompletely burnt irregular coal fragments, only part of these particles obtain a spheroidal shape. The rest remain irregular, resembling particles generated from wood combustion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental records of carbonaceous fly-ash particles from fossil-fuel combustion

Wik

Renberg

1996

J Paleolimnol

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Fossil fuel combustion produces fly-ash particles that are released into the atmosphere and deposited in the environment. A particularly characteristic kind of fly-ash is spheroidal carbonaceous particles. They are composed of an amorphous carbon matrix in which other elements are dispersed. The elemental carbon content makes them very resistant to chemical degradation and these particles can be relatively easily extracted from sediment and soil samples using a method described in this thesis. The distribution of spheroidal carbonaceous particles in lake sediment profiles, surface sediments and forest soils has been studied. Cores from several Swedish lakes have been analysed and, although the lakes are from different parts of the country, consistent trends in the deposition of the carbonaceous particles have been found. The analyses of dated cores show that the carbonaceous particle deposition in the sediments follows the same general pattern as statistics for Swedish coal and oil combustion over the last two centuries. This indicates that the sediment records reflect the history of the atmospheric deposition of particulate pollutants from fossil fuel combustion. Analysis of surface sediment samples provides an integrated picture of the deposition over the preceding few years and can be used to indicate the contemporary geographical pattern of deposition from the atmosphere. Two sets of surface sediment samples (0-1 cm) were analysed. One comprised samples from 66 lakes around Sweden's second largest city, Gothenburg, and showed very high carbonaceous particle concentrations within a distance of 50 to 100 km from the city. The second set comprised surface sediment samples from 114 lakes distributed all over Sweden. This survey of Sweden demonstrated a geographical north-south gradient with more than a hundred times higher particle concentrations in the south than in the north. This distribution is similar to the distribution of other air pollutants (data obtained from a moss survey and an air monitoring program) and suggests that carbonaceous particles in palaeolimnological investigations of air pollution, can be used as tracers for pollutants that are otherwise difficult to determine in lake sediments. Spheroidal carbonaceous particles also accumulate in soils, and forest soil samples can be used for geographical surveys of particle deposition. In Swedish podzol soils the particles mainly accumulate in the thin organic horizon and concentrations in this layer reflect the total deposition since industrialisation, although most will have been deposited during the last few decades. Since the spheroidal carbonaceous particle record in Swedish lake sediments has a characteristic temporal pattern, carbonaceous particle profiles can be used for indirect dating of recent sediment cores. Analyses of multiple sediment cores from three lakes demonstrate that carbonaceous particles can also be used for studies of sediment distribution in lake basins. Results from Gårdsjön indicate that the acidification of the lake changed...

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“…Over time a great amount of research and numerous petrographical studies on fly-ash and chars have been reported such as those by: Alonso et al (2001); Álvarez et al (1997); Alpern and Chauvin (1958); Alpern (1961Alpern ( , 1965; Alpern et al ( , 1960; Bailey et al (1990); Bend (1989); Bend et al (1992); Bengtsson (1986Bengtsson ( , 1987; Bourrat et al (1986); Brunckhorst (1994); Cloke and Lester (1994); Crelling et al (1992); Diessel and Wolff-Fischer (1987a,b); Goodarzi and Vleeskens (1988), Griest and Harris (1985); Gupta (2007); Hower et al (1995Hower et al ( , 1996Hower et al ( , 1999Hower et al ( , 2000aHower et al ( ,b, 2005a; Hower and Mastalerz (2001); Jones et al (1985a,b); Kleesattel et al (1987); Lee and Whaley (1983); Lester et al (1993Lester et al ( , 1996Lester et al ( , 2000Lester et al ( , 2010; Lightman and Street (1968); Littlejohn (1967); McCrone and Delly (1973); Menéndez et al (1993); Nandi et al (1977); Oka et al (1987); Petersen (1998);Phong-Anant et al (1989);…”

Section: Chars and Fly-ash Microscopymentioning

confidence: 98%

Development of a petrographic classification of fly-ash components from coal combustion and co-combustion. (An ICCP Classification System, Fly-Ash Working Group – Commission III.)

Suárez‐Ruíz

Valentim

Borrego

et al. 2017

International Journal of Coal Geology

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Microscopic identification of carbonaceous particles in stack ash from pulverized-coal combustion

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Photochemical transformation of pyrene vapor deposited on eleven subfractions of a high‐carbon coal stack ash

Photochemical transformation of pyrene vapor deposited on eleven subfractions of a high‐carbon coal stack ash

Environmental records of carbonaceous fly-ash particles from fossil-fuel combustion

Development of a petrographic classification of fly-ash components from coal combustion and co-combustion. (An ICCP Classification System, Fly-Ash Working Group – Commission III.)

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