Microscopic examination of keratin substrates subjected to the action of the enzymes of Streptomyces fradiae

Kałuzewska, Maria; Wawrzkiewicz, K; L̷obarzewski, J.

doi:10.1016/0265-3036(91)90020-r

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Keratin is quite resistant to attack by normal proteolytic enzymes and chemical and physical means due to its super‐coiled helical structure, high degree of cross‐linking by disulfide bonds, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions, and its insolubility in water (Noval and Nickerson, 1959; Mathison, 1964). If this is indeed the case, the use of keratinophilic species such as Streptomyces fradiae (Noval and Nickerson, 1959; Katuzewska et al, 1991) and Thermoactinomyces candidus (Ignatova et al, 1999) may aid the decomposition of the sludge, providing that conditions for their growth and proliferation are suitable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in and Constraints upon the Decomposition of Woolscour Sludge

Kroening¹,

Greenfield²,

Williamson³

2004

J of Env Quality

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The woolscouring (wool washing) industry has traditionally been viewed as highly polluting and, consequently, effluent treatment systems have been sought. The first stage in the current treatment system for woolscour wastewater, a chemical flocculation process (Sirolan CF), creates a sludge composed of soil and wool grease. We investigated the chemical and biological characteristics of this sludge. The sludge was found to be highly variable on a day to day basis in terms of its chemical composition and biodegradability; 0.8 to 27.8% of sludge total nitrogen was mineralized over 30 d at 37 degrees C. The grease component of sludge (14-40% on a dry weight basis) may retard the decomposition of the sludge but the polyacrylamide flocculant used in its production and its pesticide content had no effect on the rate of decomposition. Our results suggest that variability in substrate quality may translate into variability in treatment performance and have important implications for the biological treatment of industrial wastes, including composting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in and Constraints upon the Decomposition of Woolscour Sludge

Kroening¹,

Greenfield²,

Williamson³

2004

J of Env Quality

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“…An appropriate filler should be a good alternative for fibrin, should not degrade prematurely and concede its scaffolding function, and should not linger and impede axonal sprouting. Most natural scaffold-based fillers are limited by the early dissolution or prolonged presence of the matrix. , One exception has been identified in keratin hydrogels, which are touted as promising neuro-inductive filler materials. , Specifically, KOS fulfils the above-mentioned structural criteria–in the absence of mammalian keratinases, KOS gels do not degrade prematurely, but they are not fully resistant to proteolytic degradation either . With a slow and controllable rate of biodegradation, a well-engineered KOS scaffold can act as a good initial foundation for regenerative cells while allowing for a progressive clearance facilitating regeneration and axonal sprouting.…”

Section: Applications Of Keratin Hydrogel In Regenerative Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…137,138 Specifically, KOS fulfils the above-mentioned structural criteria−in the absence of mammalian keratinases, KOS gels do not degrade prematurely, but they are not fully resistant to proteolytic degradation either. 139 With a slow and controllable rate of biodegradation, a well-engineered KOS scaffold can act as a good initial foundation for regenerative cells while allowing for a progressive clearance facilitating regeneration and axonal sprouting. Moreover, as mentioned earlier, keratin biomaterials, like ECM, have binding domains for integrin receptors that enable the attachment of various cell types.…”

Section: Treating Peripheral Arterial Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Human Hair Keratin-Based Hydrogels in Regenerative Medicine: Current Status and Future Directions

Ashna,

Senthilkumar,

Sanpui

2023

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Regenerative medicine (RM) is a multidisciplinary field that utilizes the inherent regenerative potential of human cells to generate functionally and physiologically acceptable human cells, tissues, and organs in vivo or ex vivo. An appropriate biomaterial scaffold with desired physicochemical properties constitutes an important component of a successful RM approach. Among various forms of biomaterials explored until the present day, hydrogels have emerged as a versatile candidate for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) applications such as scaffolds for spatial patterning and delivering therapeutic agents, or substrates to enhance cell growth, differentiation, and migration. Although hydrogels can be prepared from a variety of synthetic polymers as well as biopolymers, the latter are preferred for their inherent biocompatibility. Specifically, keratins are fibrous proteins that have been recently explored for constructing hydrogels useful for RM purposes. The present review discusses the suitability of keratinbased biomaterials in RM, with a particular focus on human hair keratin hydrogels and their use in various RM applications.

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“…16,17,25 Keratin biomaterial has the distinct advantage of being resistant to proteolytic degradation. 26 Therefore, keratin biomaterial forms a scaffold that persists in the nerve conduit and can be made to have a controlled degradation rate that is longer than other natural protein filler materials. However, the keratin scaffold can be remodeled by infiltrating cells and does not present an impediment to axonal regrowth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Human Hair Keratin Hydrogel Scaffold Enhances Median Nerve Regeneration in Nonhuman Primates: An Electrophysiological and Histological Study

Pace

Plate

Mannava

et al. 2013

Tissue Engineering Part A

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A human hair keratin biomaterial hydrogel scaffold was evaluated as a nerve conduit luminal filler following median nerve transection injury in 10 Macaca fascicularis nonhuman primates (NHP). A 1 cm nerve gap was grafted with a NeuraGen® collagen conduit filled with either saline or keratin hydrogel and nerve regeneration was evaluated by electrophysiology for a period of 12 months. The keratin hydrogel-grafted nerves showed significant improvement in return of compound motor action potential (CMAP) latency and recovery of baseline nerve conduction velocity (NCV) compared with the saline-treated nerves. Histological evaluation was performed on retrieved median nerves and abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscles at 12 months. Nerve histomorphometry showed a significantly larger nerve area in the keratin group compared with the saline group and the keratin APB muscles had a significantly higher myofiber density than the saline group. This is the first published study to show that an acellular biomaterial hydrogel conduit filler can be used to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration and motor recovery in an NHP model.

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Microscopic examination of keratin substrates subjected to the action of the enzymes of Streptomyces fradiae

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Variation in and Constraints upon the Decomposition of Woolscour Sludge

Variation in and Constraints upon the Decomposition of Woolscour Sludge

Human Hair Keratin-Based Hydrogels in Regenerative Medicine: Current Status and Future Directions

A Human Hair Keratin Hydrogel Scaffold Enhances Median Nerve Regeneration in Nonhuman Primates: An Electrophysiological and Histological Study

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