Microscopic characterization of petiole anatomy of Asteraceous taxa of Western <scp>Himalaya‐Pakistan</scp>

This research examined the histological micro-structure of tendril vasculature in cucurbitaceous taxa. In this research, the tendril anatomy of 17 taxa of Cucurbitaceae categorized into seven genera, including Cucumis (five species), Cucurbita and Luffa (three species each), Citrullus and Momordica (two species each) while Lagenaria and Praecitrullus (one species each), collected from different areas of the Thal desert were examined via microscopic imaging to explore its taxonomic significance. Tendril transverse sections were cut with a Shandon Microtome to prepare slides. The distinctive characteristics of taxonomic value (qualitative and quantitative) include tendril and vascular bundle shape, variation in the number of vascular bundles, tendril diameter length, layers of sclerenchyma, and shape of collenchyma and epidermal cells. Tendril shapes observed are irregular, slightly oval-shaped, slightly C shaped, angular (4-angled, 6-angled, or polygonal), and star shaped. Quantitative measurements were taken to analyze the data statistically using SPSS software. Cucurbita pepo had a maximum tendril diameter length of 656.1 µm and a minimum in Momordica balsamina of 123.05 µm. The highest number of vascular bundles (12) were noticed in Luffa acutangula var.amara. Angular type was prominent in collenchyma, and irregular shape was dominant in sclerenchyma cells. A maximum of seven to nine sclerenchyma layers were present in Lagenaria siceraria and a minimum of two or three layers in Cucumis melo subsp. agrestis, Cucumis melo var. flexuosus, and Cucumis melo var.cantalupensis. Epidermis cells also show great variations with a rectangular shape being dominant. Statistical UPGMA dendrogram clustering of tendril vasculature traits shows that histological sections studied with microscopic techniques can be used to identify species and will play a vital role in future taxonomic and phylogenic linkages.

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“…DPX mountant was placed on the slide for mounting, and the area received a cover slip. Each slide had a proper label and was dried [ 31 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tendril Anatomy: A Tool for Correct Identification among Cucurbitaceous Taxa

Abbas

Zafar

Ahmad

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…Family Compositae recognized as Asteraceae is one of the leading families as well as the most economically important among the phanerogams families (Akhtar et al, 2021). Asteraceae is a cosmopolitan family comprised of around about 30,000 taxa with more the 1900 distinct genera (Gavrilović et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The palyno-morphometric study of Invasive, poisonous and allergenic genus Xanthium were carried by Coutinho et al, 2021. With the invention of microscopy, researchers observed that the high degree of variations found in pollen micromorphology, like psilate-echinate and lophate-echinolophate brings evolutionary relationships in Asteraceous species (Blackmore et al, 2010). Different clustering analyses will help in the differentiation of closely related Asteraceous taxa at genus-to-species levels based on pollen characters (Abid & Qaiser, 2023;Akhtar et al, 2021;Via do Pico et al, 2016). Hence, clustering analysis provided baseline information for the phylogeny of Asteraceae (Azizi et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

Palyno‐taxonomic approach through light and scanning electron microscopy for the identification of herbaceous Asteraceae species from Sikaram Mountain Pak‐Afghan border

Ali

Zafar

Ahmad

et al. 2023

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Due to the diverse and rich taxa, Asteraceae needs to explore from the untouched area. In this study, the pollen study was intended to assess the taxonomic value for Asteraceous taxa growing on the Sikaram Mountain Pak‐Afghan border. Both microscopic techniques (LM and SEM) play a significant role in the identification and classification of herbaceous species of Asteraceae for their taxonomic and systematic implication. Pollen was observed and measured for the 15 species of Asteraceae. For investigated taxa 15 pollen characters with size, shape, polar view, pollen type, aperture orientation, and exine sculpturing in the eurypalynous pollen. Consequently, the pollen grains are usually Tricolporate, triangular to circular in polar view, while, the shape of pollen varies from subulate, oblate, and prolate along with prolate to spheroidal whereas, sculpturing also varies from Scabrate to micro reticulate, echino‐perforate, Scabrate to echinate, echinate to granulate and echinate were observed. Similarly, among the quantitative data minimum values of polar and equatorial were 15.8 ± 0.74 μm in Filago pyramidata and 17.85 ± 0.39 μm in Heteropappus altaicus was measured respectively, while; the length of the spine with the least value of 2.45 ± 0.31 μm in Hertia intermedia and highest with 7.55 ± 0.31 μm was observed in Cirsium wallichii. The Exine thickness is a minimum of 1.70 ± 0.35 μm in Launaea nudicaulis and a maximum of 5.65 ± 3.59 μm in Cirssium vulgare. In addition, the highest pollen fertility (87%) in Centaurea iberica while the highest pollen sterility (32%) was recorded in Cirsium verutum. Furthermore, clustering via UPGMA, PCA, and PCoA analysis was performed for the separation of closely related taxa. It is concluded from this research work that palynological study has a crucial role in taxonomic, pure, and applied sciences. This study can be further authenticated and improved by a Phylogenetic study based on chloroplast DNA analysis & whole genome sequencing.Research Highlights Pollen ultrastructure among 15 Asteraceous taxa. Micromorphological attributes measured via LM and SEM. Exine sculpture elements patterns provide accurate identification. Taxonomic keys were developed for its systematics implications.

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“…SEM has a high resolution, which reveals ultrastructure features that allow for micro‐morphological differences that are not achievable with light microscopy (LM) (Sadia et al, 2019; Luqman et al, 2019; Bahadur, Ahmad, Zafar, Gul, Ayaz, Ashfaq, Rubab, et al, 2019; Bahadur, Ahmad, Zafar, Sultana, Begum, Ashfaq, Gul, et al, 2019; Bahadur, Ahmad, Zafar, Sultana, Begum, Ashfaq, & Ullah, 2019; Ullah et al, 2019; Arshad et al, 2019; Khan, Abidin, et al, 2017; Khan, Ahmad, et al, 2017). The pollen surface has been greatly enhanced attributable to scanning electron microscopy (Akhtar et al, 2021; Aziz et al, 2022; Niazi et al, 2021; Rahman et al, 2019; Rozina Ahmad, Khan, et al, 2021; Rozina Ahmad, Zafar, et al, 2021). Scanning microscopy pollen research is also utilized to generate new terminology for defining pollen ornamentation, a statistical approach to pollen sculpturing, and even data analysis of the exine (Ijaz et al, 2022; Kanwal et al, 2022; Rashid, Ahmad, et al, 2019; Rashid, Zafar, et al, 2019; Hussain et al, 2021; Shah et al, 2021; Shahzad et al, 2021; Waheed et al, 2021; Yousaf et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen morphology of selected melliferous plants and its taxonomic implications using microscopy

Attique

Zafar

Ahmad

et al. 2022

Microscopy Res & Technique

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This research aimed to explore the melliferous bee flora pollen from arid zones of District Attock, Islamabad Capital and Rawalpindi. Morpho-palynological features has provided key information for the classification and help to explain the taxonomy of several genera and species. Therefore, in this work, we examined the morphological characters of pollen potentially to be used for the species delimitation of bee flora. A total of 18 bee floral species, classified into 12 different families were collected, pressed, identified and then acetolyized to observe the grains under microscopy. Bee pollen can be described by small, medium to large sized morphotypes presenting five types of shapes, prolate spheroidal in (seven species), sub-prolate (six species), oblate spheroidal (three species), oblate and prolate (one species each) was examined. The observed polar and equatorial diameter were found maximum in Zea mays 73.5 μm and Pelargonium inquinans 66.75 μm respectively. Pollen of six different types was found namely: tricolporate, 3-zonocolporate, monoportae, tetracolporate, tetraporate and mononsulcate. Whereas highest value of colpi length was measured in Grewia tenax (24.55 μm). Exine surface nature of pollen was examined echinate psilate and scabrate. Exine thickness noted to be maximum in Verbena tenuisecta (8.40 μm) and minimum in Citrus macrocarpa (0.4 μm). Bee floral species considered difficult to identify based on other morphological traits were successfully distinguished using pollen quantitative and qualitative traits, confirming the importance of pollen morphology to diagnose characters to correctly identify honeybee flora. Research Highlights• Pollen diversity among honeybee flora.• Highly variations observed via microscopy in pollen micromorphology.• Palyno-morph has taxonomic value for the identification of honeybee floral species.

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Microscopic characterization of petiole anatomy of Asteraceous taxa of Western Himalaya‐Pakistan

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Tendril Anatomy: A Tool for Correct Identification among Cucurbitaceous Taxa

Tendril Anatomy: A Tool for Correct Identification among Cucurbitaceous Taxa

Palyno‐taxonomic approach through light and scanning electron microscopy for the identification of herbaceous Asteraceae species from Sikaram Mountain Pak‐Afghan border

Pollen morphology of selected melliferous plants and its taxonomic implications using microscopy

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