Microscope using an x-ray tube and a bubble compound refractive lens

Abstract

We present x-ray images of grid meshes and biological material obtained using an unfiltered x-ray tube and a compound refractive lens composed of microbubbles embedded in epoxy inside a glass capillary. Images obtained using this apparatus are compared with those using a synchrotron source and the same lens. We find that the field of view is larger than that obtained using the synchrotron source, whereas the contrast and resolution are reduced. Geometrical distortion around the edges of the field of view is also reduced. The experiments demonstrate the usefulness of the apparatus in a modest laboratory setting.

Large area x-ray and neutron imaging using three-dimensional arrays of microlenses

“…1(b), where the field of view (FOV) is determined by the aspect ratio, 2r a / ᐉ, of the cylinder formed by the CRL aperture and length. 16 Using the simple geometry of Fig. 1(b), we can estimate the FOV to be…”

Design and Application of X-Ray Lens in the Form of Glass Capillary Filled by a Set of Concave Epoxy Microlenses

“…Parabolic aperture radius R p is the central portion of the spherical lens that focuses X-rays to the same point. From wave approximation it is known (Snigirev et al, 1996;Piestrup et al, 2005) that the value may be calculated as:…”

“…Compound X-ray lens consisting of spherical microlenses may be characterized by absorption aperture radius R a that in a good approximation can be calculated as (Snigirev et al, 1996;Dudchik et al, 2004;Piestrup et al, 2005):…”

“…It was shown experimentally by Adelphi Technology, Inc. using beamline 2-3 at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) (Dudchik et al, 2004). Such short-focal-length lenses are suitable for imaging not only with synchrotron X-rays, but with X-rays from laboratory sources of radiation (Piestrup et al, 2005).…”

Full-field transmission x-ray imaging with confocal polycapillary x-ray optics

“…In the first, the x-ray image of sample is magnified by a focusing x-ray optic placed between the sample and the detector. [1][2][3] In the second, the sample is placed in the divergent beam after the focal spot of a focusing x-ray optic, and the enlarged image of the sample is obtained by placing an x-ray detector some distance after the sample. [4][5][6] A variety of x-ray optics can be used in these systems.…”