Microscale evaluation of laser cladded Inconel 625 exposed at high temperature in air

Verdi, Davide; Garrido, Miguel Angel Amaró; Múnez, C.J.; Poza, P.

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2016.11.014

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…While the metastable γ” phase serves as a strengthening phase, transformation from γ” to δ phase is known to reduce the strength of γ” strengthened alloys [26,87]. Furthermore, δ phase, developed along the grain boundaries, can significantly reduce the fracture toughness and ductility of IN625 [23,88].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of heat treatment on the microstructural evolution of a nickel-based superalloy additive-manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

et al. 2018

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Elemental segregation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in additive-manufactured (AM) parts due to solute rejection and redistribution during the solidification process. Using electron microscopy, in situ synchrotron X-ray scattering and diffraction, and thermodynamic modeling, we reveal that in an AM nickel-based superalloy, Inconel 625, stress-relief heat treatment leads to the growth of unwanted δ-phase precipitates on a time scale much faster than that in wrought alloys (minutes versus tens to hundreds of hours). The root cause for this behavior is the elemental segregation that results in local compositions of AM alloys outside the bounds of the allowable range set for wrought alloys. In situ small angle scattering experiments reveal that platelet-shaped δ phase precipitates grow continuously and preferentially along their lateral dimensions during stress-relief heat treatment, while the thickness dimension reaches a plateau very quickly. In situ XRD experiments reveal that nucleation and growth of δ-phase precipitates occur within 5 min during stress-relief heat treatment, indicating a low nucleation barrier and a short incubation time. An activation energy for the growth of δ phase was found to be (131.04 ± 0.69) kJ mol−1. We further demonstrate that a subsequent homogenization heat treatment can effectively homogenize the AM alloy and remove the deleterious δ phase. The combined experimental and modeling methodology in this work can be extended to elucidate the phase evolution during heat treatments in a broad range of AM materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of heat treatment on the microstructural evolution of a nickel-based superalloy additive-manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

et al. 2018

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“…Characterization of the Inconel 625 microstructure in the post-built and stress-relieved conditions was the subject of several studies [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,20,28,29,30,31,32,33]. However, no work has demonstrated the comprehensive description of the precipitates present in as-built condition or after subsequent heat treatment of Inconel 625 manufactured by laser-based additive manufacturing processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature data concerning the microstructure of Inconel 625 manufactured by L-PBF is slightly more extensive than in the case of DED processing. Scientific papers published in recent years reflect the increased interest in the problems related to the fabrication, microstructure and properties of Inconel 625 manufactured by L-PBF processes [9,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,28,29,30,31,32,33]. Particularly, phase transformations in Inconel 625 produced by L-PBF are attracting the growing interest of researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the results of TEM microstructural investigation of Inconel 625 alloy in a similar state to L-DED are available, namely in the form of laser cladded coating. Verdi et al [33] examined precipitates in laser cladded Inconel 625 using TEM and high-resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM) imaging in combination with SAED and EDX analysis. In as-deposited material, precipitates enriched in Nb and Mo were identified as M 6 C and M 2 C carbides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precipitates in Additively Manufactured Inconel 625 Superalloy

Dubiel

Sieniawski

2019

Materials

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Laser-based additive manufacturing processes are increasingly used for fabricating components made of nickel-based superalloys. The microstructure development, and in particular the precipitation of secondary phases, is of great importance for the properties of additively manufactured nickel-based superalloys. This paper summarizes the literature data on the microstructure of Inconel 625 superalloy manufactured using laser-based powder-bed fusion and directed energy deposition processes, with particular emphasis on the phase identification of precipitates. The microstructure of Inconel 625 manufactured by laser-based directed energy deposition in as-built condition is investigated by means of light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Phase analysis of precipitates is performed by the combination of selected area electron diffraction and microanalysis of chemical composition. Precipitates present in the interdendritic areas of as-built Inconel 625 are identified as MC and M23C6 carbides as well as the Laves phase.

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“…The intermetallic phases observed in the coatings do not precipitate when producing pure Inconel 625 coatings, according to studies carried out by other authors such as Dinda et al [19] and Verdi et al [20]. As-deposited structures mainly based on a γ-Ni matrix were observed by these authors, where most of the strengthening elements, like Nb and Mo, are dissolved, and carbides tend to precipitate at the interdendritic regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Microstructural Tuning of a Laser-Cladding Layer by Means of a Mix of Commercial Inconel 625 and AISI H13 Powders

et al. 2019

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The aim of this work is to evaluate the microstructural evolutions developed by mixing a corrosion-resistant and high-performance material with a high-hardness material in a coating obtained by laser-cladding technology. In this paper, five different mixtures of Inconel 625 alloy and AISI H13 steel powders have been deposited on a plate of 42CrMo4 steel using a 2.2 kW diode pumped Nd:YAG laser. The effect of adding tool steel to a Ni-based superalloy has been analyzed by the characterization of each cladded sample using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The precipitates observed in the samples have been analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS X-ray). SEM micrographs and EDS analysis indicate the existence of Laves phase. It has been observed that the presence of these precipitates is stabilized in a certain range of AISI H13 addition.

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Microscale evaluation of laser cladded Inconel 625 exposed at high temperature in air

Cited by 32 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of heat treatment on the microstructural evolution of a nickel-based superalloy additive-manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

Effect of heat treatment on the microstructural evolution of a nickel-based superalloy additive-manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

Precipitates in Additively Manufactured Inconel 625 Superalloy

Microstructural Tuning of a Laser-Cladding Layer by Means of a Mix of Commercial Inconel 625 and AISI H13 Powders

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