Microscale Complexity in the Ocean: Turbulence, Intermittency and Plankton Life

Seuront, Laurent

doi:10.1051/mmnp:2008063

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Ploug et al, 1997;Ploug, 2001;Simon et al, 2002), modification of turbulence conditions within the kelp forest is likely to influence prokaryotic metabolism. In addition, turbulence intensity at small scales can control nutrient patchiness, with significantly more heterogeneous/patchy distributions under low turbulence conditions (Seuront et al, 2002;Seuront, 2008). At scales relevant to prokaryotes, changes in turbulent conditions across kelp forests may have important consequences to the micro-environment experienced by free-living and particle-associated prokaryotes and may therefore influence their relative contribution to carbon flux.…”

Section: Kelp Forests Turbulence and Prokaryote Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-living and particle-associated prokaryote metabolism in giant kelp forests: Implications for carbon flux in a sub-Antarctic coastal area

Schapira

McQuaid

Froneman

2012

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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Extensive beds of large subtidal kelps are characteristic of many temperate and subpolar coastlines. They provide habitats for a wide range of other species and are sites of high primary production that generate large quantities of water-borne particles and dissolved organic compounds that support distinctive communities of prokaryotes. We measured prokaryotic metabolism along transects from the shore to the outside of three giant kelp forests (Macrocystis pyrifera) located in the shelf waters of the Prince Edward Islands (Southern Ocean). Abundance, heterotrophic production (PHP), respiration rates (R-ETS) and growth efficiencies (PGE) were investigated within the particle-associated (PA) and the free-living (FL) communities. Temperature, salinity and inorganic nutrient concentrations indicated distinct hydrological differences among the kelp forests that were related to different levels of freshwater input through island runoff. In contrast, detritus and particulate organic matter concentrations showed a common pattern, decreasing from the near-shore to offshore at all sampling sites, suggesting the retention of organically enriched water masses inshore of the kelp forests. While FL and PA abundances did not differ significantly along transects, FL and PA-PHP and PGE all varied significantly across the kelp forests, following the same pattern across each forest. PA-PGE was significantly higher than FL-PGE in the near-shore waters and farther offshore, while FL-PGE was higher or equal to PA-PGE inside the kelp. This shift can be interpreted in terms of gradients in both the age and origins of organic material across the kelp forests. Higher PA-PGE implies that a larger fraction of organic carbon on colonized particles is converted into prokaryotic biomass and so becomes available to higher trophic levels inshore and offshore of M. pyrifera forests than inside the kelp bed. In contrast, low PA-PGE suggests that a large quantity of carbon passes through the PAcommunity and is mainly respired within the kelp forest. These results suggest the retention of particles within giant kelp forests. In controlling the metabolic activity of PA and FL prokaryotes, this retention will influence overall carbon flux around the archipelago. In particular, the observation of a common pattern across different M. pyrifera forests has important implications for the role of this species as an autogenic ecological engineer in coastal environments.

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Section: Kelp Forests Turbulence and Prokaryote Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-living and particle-associated prokaryote metabolism in giant kelp forests: Implications for carbon flux in a sub-Antarctic coastal area

Schapira

McQuaid

Froneman

2012

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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“…It is because the central‐limit theorem is not applicable to rare but powerful turbulent events that contribute the most to high‐order moments of the velocity increments. Therefore, the distribution of

\log ɛ

cannot be normal (e.g., Moum & Rippeth, ; Seuront, ). Yet many researchers regard lognormal distribution as a good practical approximation for

{\overset{ɛ}{true}}_{r}

that characterizes internal/genuine intermittency of turbulence generated either continuously or by individual events/overturns (see Frisch, , for an extensive discussion).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probability Distribution of Turbulent Kinetic Energy Dissipation Rate in Ocean: Observations and Approximations

et al. 2017

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The probability distribution of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate in stratified ocean usually deviates from the classic lognormal distribution that has been formulated for and often observed in unstratified homogeneous layers of atmospheric and oceanic turbulence. Our measurements of vertical profiles of micro‐scale shear, collected in the East China Sea, northern Bay of Bengal, to the south and east of Sri Lanka, and in the Gulf Stream region, show that the probability distributions of the dissipation rate trueɛ∼r in the pycnoclines (r ∼ 1.4 m is the averaging scale) can be successfully modeled by the Burr (type XII) probability distribution. In weakly stratified boundary layers, lognormal distribution of trueɛ∼r is preferable, although the Burr is an acceptable alternative. The skewness Skɛ and the kurtosis Kɛ of the dissipation rate appear to be well correlated in a wide range of Skɛ and Kɛ variability.

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“…The density of plankton population changes not only in time but also in space. Patchiness is affected by many factors such as temperature, nutrients and turbulence, which depend on the spatial scale [18,30]. Generally, the growth, competition, grazing and propagation of plankton population can be modelled by partial differential equations of the reaction-diffusion type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagation of Turing patterns in a plankton model

Upadhyay

Volpert

Thakur

2012

Journal of Biological Dynamics

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The paper is devoted to a reaction-diffusion system of equations describing phytoplankton and zooplankton distributions. Linear stability analysis of the model is carried out. Turing and Hopf stability boundaries are found. Emergence of two-dimensional spatial structures is illustrated by numerical simulations. Travelling waves between various stationary solutions are investigated. Transitions between homogeneous in space stationary solutions and Turing structures are studied.

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Microscale Complexity in the Ocean: Turbulence, Intermittency and Plankton Life

Cited by 7 publications

References 87 publications

Free-living and particle-associated prokaryote metabolism in giant kelp forests: Implications for carbon flux in a sub-Antarctic coastal area

Free-living and particle-associated prokaryote metabolism in giant kelp forests: Implications for carbon flux in a sub-Antarctic coastal area

Probability Distribution of Turbulent Kinetic Energy Dissipation Rate in Ocean: Observations and Approximations

Propagation of Turing patterns in a plankton model

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