Microscale characterization of coupled degradation mechanism of graded materials in lithium batteries of electric vehicles

Safety challenges and safety measures of Li‐ion batteries

“…In this case, the products of secondary reactions accumulate and finally lead to systemic thermal runaway. 20,27,54 Even worse, Li batteries contain strong oxidizing and reducing active materials, and these nonaqueous batteries are designed with the inherent disadvantage of poor heat dissipation. 4 This complicates the safety of lithium batteries.…”

“…Maintaining a good surface state of the electrode is of great significance to the stability of the performance and safety of the battery. 44,54,96,[145][146][147] Many research and engineering practices have shown that the safety risk of batteries increases with an attenuation in battery performance. 66 In practical applications, carbon is the most commonly used anode material for LIBs.…”

Electromagnetic effects model and design of energy systems for lithium batteries with gradient structure in sustainable energy electric vehicles

“…Li et al [2,46,[51][52][53][54][55][56] also studied the gradient structure of lithium batteries, focusing on the design and experimental characterization of the coupled field effects. Lithium batteries with this electromagnetic gradient structure have shown prospects in electric vehicles and large-scale battery packs [57], although a number of issues need to be solved at the scientific level to achieve the necessary performance levels.…”

A Rest Time-Based Prognostic Framework for State of Health Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries with Regeneration Phenomena

“…However, as capacity fade phenomenon is the result of various processes and their interactions, such as chemical side reactions or loss of conductivity [9][10][11], it is difficult to monitor the internal state of a battery in real time and obtain an accurate physics-based model. By contrast, data-driven approaches can achieve health state assessment and prognostics based only on monitoring parameters and testing data samples.…”