Microsatellite stability in the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea after exposure to different selective pressures

Ajouz, Sakhr; Decognet, Véronique; Nicot, Philippe C.; Bardin, Marc

doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2010.09.004

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…B. cinerea isolates are diverse and can have different pathogenic behaviours (Rowe and Kliebenstein, 2007). Therefore, we tested the effect of nitrate supply on the pathogenicity of different strains: B0510 whose genome was sequenced (Amselem et al ., 2011), Bd90 collected in 1986 from grapevine in Bordeaux (Reignault et al ., 1994), and BC1 and BC21 collected from tomato in commercial greenhouses in Avignon (Ajouz et al ., 2010). For these four strains, we observed a decrease in plant susceptibility to the pathogen at low nitrate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant nitrogen supply affects the Botrytis cinerea infection process and modulates known and novel virulence factors

Soulié

Koka

Floch

et al. 2020

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant nitrogen supply affects the Botrytis cinerea infection process and modulates known and novel virulence factors

Soulié

Koka

Floch

et al. 2020

Molecular Plant Pathology

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“…In a separate study, B . cinerea did not show SSR mutation in the presence of antifungal compounds pyrrolnitrin and iprodione [11]. It is interesting to point out that these three fungal species are closely related and belong to the same family, Sclerotinaceae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…alternata and M . fructicola , a study carried out to assess stability of SSR loci in plant pathogen, Botrytis cinerea , showed growth for 20 transfers with increasing concentration of antifungal antibiotic pyrrolnitrin and fungicide iprodione did not result in mutation at nine SSR loci [11]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sublethal Fungicides on Mutation Rates and Genomic Variation in Fungal Plant Pathogen, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Amaradasa

Everhart

2016

PLoS ONE

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Pathogen exposure to sublethal doses of fungicides may result in mutations that may represent an important and largely overlooked mechanism of introducing new genetic variation into strictly clonal populations, including acquisition of fungicide resistance. We tested this hypothesis using the clonal plant pathogen, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Nine susceptible isolates were exposed independently to five commercial fungicides with different modes of action: boscalid (respiration inhibitor), iprodione (unclear mode of action), thiophanate methyl (inhibition of microtubulin synthesis) and azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin (quinone outside inhibitors). Mycelium of each isolate was inoculated onto a fungicide gradient and sub-cultured from the 50–100% inhibition zone for 12 generations and experiment repeated. Mutational changes were assessed for all isolates at six neutral microsatellite (SSR) loci and for a subset of isolates using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). SSR analysis showed 12 of 85 fungicide-exposed isolates had a total of 127 stepwise mutations with 42 insertions and 85 deletions. Most stepwise deletions were in iprodione- and azoxystrobin-exposed isolates (n = 40/85 each). Estimated mutation rates were 1.7 to 60-fold higher for mutated loci compared to that expected under neutral conditions. AFLP genotyping of 33 isolates (16 non-exposed control and 17 fungicide exposed) generated 602 polymorphic alleles. Cluster analysis with principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) identified fungicide-exposed isolates as a distinct group from non-exposed control isolates (PhiPT = 0.15, P = 0.001). Dendrograms based on neighbor-joining also supported allelic variation associated with fungicide-exposure. Fungicide sensitivity of isolates measured throughout both experiments did not show consistent trends. For example, eight isolates exposed to boscalid had higher EC50 values at the end of the experiment, and when repeated, only one isolate had higher EC50 while most isolates showed no difference. Results of this support the hypothesis that sublethal fungicide stress increases mutation rates in a largely clonal plant pathogen under in vitro conditions. Collectively, this work will aid our understanding how non-lethal fungicide exposure may affect genomic variation, which may be an important mechanism of novel trait emergence, adaptation, and evolution for clonal organisms.

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“…Conidia of B. cinerea (strain BC1 in all experiments, and additional strain BC21 in E1, E2, E3 and E5) were produced on potato dextrose agar (PDA; Difco, Detroit, MI, USA) in a growth chamber at 21 °C with a 16-h photoperiod [162 μmol m −2 s −1 photosynthetic photon fluence rate (PPFR)]. These strains are known from previous work of our group for their high (BC1) and moderate (BC21) aggressiveness on tomato plants (Ajouz et al , 2010). Conidia were collected in sterile distilled water from the surface of 14-d-old cultures and the suspensions were adjusted to 10 6 conidia mL −1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced susceptibility of tomato stem to the necrotrophic fungusBotrytis cinereais associated with a specific adjustment of fructose content in the host sugar pool

Lecompte

Nicot

Ripoll

et al. 2017

Ann Bot

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Background and aims Plant soluble sugars, as main components of primary metabolism, are thought to be implicated in defence against pathogenic fungi. However, the function of sucrose and hexoses remains unclear. This study aimed to identify robust patterns in the dynamics of soluble sugars in sink tissues of tomato plants during the course of infection by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Distinct roles for glucose and fructose in defence against B. cinerea were hypothesized. Methods We examined sugar contents and defence hormonal markers in tomato stem tissues before and after infection by B. cinerea, in a range of abiotic environments created by various nitrogen and water supplies. Key Results Limited nitrogen or water supplies increased tomato stem susceptibility to B. cinerea. Glucose and fructose contents of tissues surrounding infection sites evolved differently after inoculation. The fructose content never decreased after inoculation with B. cinerea, while that of glucose showed either positive or negative variation, depending on the abiotic environment. An increase in the relative fructose content (defined as the proportion of fructose in the soluble sugar pool) was observed in the absence of glucose accumulation and was associated with lower susceptibility. A lower expression of the salicylic acid marker PR1a, and a lower repression of a jasmonate marker COI1 were associated with reduced susceptibility. Accordingly, COI1 expression was positively correlated with the relative fructose contents 7 d after infection. Conclusions Small variations of fructose content among the sugar pool are unlikely to affect intrinsic pathogen growth. Our results highlight distinct use of host glucose and fructose after infection by B. cinerea and suggest strongly that adjustment of the relative fructose content is required for enhanced plant defence.

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Microsatellite stability in the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea after exposure to different selective pressures

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Plant nitrogen supply affects the Botrytis cinerea infection process and modulates known and novel virulence factors

Plant nitrogen supply affects the Botrytis cinerea infection process and modulates known and novel virulence factors

Effects of Sublethal Fungicides on Mutation Rates and Genomic Variation in Fungal Plant Pathogen, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Reduced susceptibility of tomato stem to the necrotrophic fungusBotrytis cinereais associated with a specific adjustment of fructose content in the host sugar pool

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