Microsatellite polymorphism and genetic distances between the dog, red fox and arctic fox

Genetic variability of the dog breed Hanoverian Hound was analysed using a set of 16 microsatellites. The sample of 92 dogs was representative for the total current population [n=334, inbreeding coefficient 9.2%, relationship coefficient 11.2%] with respect to the level and distribution of the inbreeding and relationship coefficients. All microsatellites used were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The average number of alleles was 6.4. The average observed heterozygosity (H(O)) was slightly higher than the expected heterozygosity (H(E)). Dinucleotide microsatellites exhibited lower polymorphism information content (PIC) than tetranucleotide microsatellites (0.52 versus 0.66). The average PIC was 0.61. The individual inbreeding coefficient was negatively related to the average H(O) of all microsatellites, whereas the proportion of genes from introducing of Hanoverian Hounds from abroad showed no relationships to H(O). We found that the genetic variability in the Hanoverian Hounds analysed here was unexpectedly higher than that previously published for dog breeds of similar population size. Even in dog breeds of larger population size heterogyzosity was seldom higher than that observed here. The rather high genetic variability as quantified by polymorphic microsatellites in Hanoverian Hounds may be due to a large genetic variation in the founder animals of this breed and to the fact that this genetic diversity could be maintained despite genetic bottlenecks experienced by this breed in the 1920s and 1950s and despite the presence of high inbreeding and relationship coefficients for more than 50 years.

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“…(2001), Altet et al. (2001), or Klukowska et al. (2003), we identified at least between four and eleven identical markers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Microsatellite marker analysis of the genetic variability in Hanoverian Hounds

Lüpke

Distl

2005

J Animal Breeding Genetics

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“…There could be for a number of reasons; the microsatellites we used were originally developed in dogs (Canis familiaris). Cross-species microsatellites may have variable allele numbers, polymorphic information content and allele sizes (Klukowska et al 2003); as a consequence, DNA sequences in non-target species may include small mutations that prevent/inhibit the primer from amplifying the tandem repeat at its optimum (Double et al 1997). This may be one explanation for the observed patterns; however, it does not explain why serial dilution remains the best method to mitigate the problem.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelic dropout from a high-quality DNA source

et al. 2006

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Allelic dropouts are an important source of genotyping error, particularly in studies using noninvasive sampling techniques. This has important implications for conservation biology, as an increasing number of studies are now using non-invasive techniques to study rare species or endangered populations. Previously, allelic dropout has typically been associated with PCR amplification of low quality/ quantity template DNA. However, in this study we recorded high levels of allelic dropout (21-57%) at specific loci amplified from a high quality DNA (63.1 ± 7.8 ng/ll) source in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). We designed a series of experiments to identify the sources of error. Whilst we were able to show that the best method to identify allelic dropout was the dilution of template DNA prior to PCR amplification, our data also showed two specific patterns: (1) allelic dropouts occurred at specific loci; (2) allelic dropouts occurred at specific pair-wise combinations of alleles. These patterns suggest that mechanisms other than low quantity template DNA are responsible for allelic dropout. Further research on the causes of these patterns in this and other studies would further our understanding of genotyping errors and would aid future studies where allelic dropout may be a serious issue.

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“…The dog marker genome map has been comprehensively developed during recent years. To date, more than 2000 microsatellite markers have been reported, and many of them have been assigned to linkage groups and specific chromosomes [4]. Some studies have reported a few biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of CMT [19,20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than 2000 identified canine microsatellite (MS) markers have been identified and considered useful genetic markers for genetic mapping [4]. MSI most likely occurs during the replication of genetic material, and any errors introduced during this process result in the addition or deletion of a base pair.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsatellite Instability and MMR Genes Abnormalities in Canine Mammary Gland Tumors

et al. 2020

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Early diagnosis of mammary gland tumors is a challenging task in animals, especially in unspayed dogs. Hence, this study investigated the role of microsatellite instability (MSI), MMR gene mRNA transcript levels and SNPs of MMR genes in canine mammary gland tumors (CMT). A total of 77 microsatellite (MS) markers in 23 primary CMT were selected from four breeds of dogs. The results revealed that 11 out of 77 MS markers were unstable and showed MSI in all the tumors (at least at one locus), while the other markers were stable. Compared to the other markers, the ABC9TETRA, MEPIA, 9A5, SCNA11 and FJL25 markers showed higher frequencies of instability. All CMT demonstrated MSI, with eight tumors presenting MSI-H. The RT-qPCR results revealed significant upregulation of the mRNA levels of cMSH3, cMLH1, and cPMSI, but downregulation of cMSH2 compared to the levels in the control group. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were observed in the cMSH2 gene in four exons, i.e., 2, 6, 15, and 16. In conclusion, MSI, overexpression of MMR genes and SNPs in the MMR gene are associated with CMT and could be served as diagnostic biomarkers for CMT in the future.

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Microsatellite polymorphism and genetic distances between the dog, red fox and arctic fox

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Microsatellite marker analysis of the genetic variability in Hanoverian Hounds

Microsatellite marker analysis of the genetic variability in Hanoverian Hounds

Allelic dropout from a high-quality DNA source

Microsatellite Instability and MMR Genes Abnormalities in Canine Mammary Gland Tumors

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