Microsatellite markers for the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera

Alberto, Filipe; Whitmer, Allison C.; Coelho, Nelson Castilho; Zippay, Mackenzie L.; Varela-Álvarez, Elena; Raimondi, Peter T.; Reed, Daniel C.; Serrão, Ester A.

doi:10.1007/s10592-009-9853-9

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A particularly interesting extension of our study would be to directly measure interfertility by performing crosses under controlled conditions between the two L. nigrescens species to test whether there are intrinsic reproductive barriers, such as gamete incompatibilities or hybrid infertility. In addition, the recent development of hypervariable markers for kelp species (Billot et al 1998, Whitmer 2002, Collens 2008, Dolman and Coleman 2008, Engel et al 2008, Alberto et al 2009) should provide the necessary tools for assessing the existence of reproductive barriers in both natural and laboratory conditions in a large number of kelp species and generalizing (or not) our results. CONCLUSIONS We detected a complete spatial segregation of these two cryptic kelp species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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The Lessonia Nigrescens Species Complex (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) Shows Strict Parapatry and Complete Reproductive Isolation in a Secondary Contact Zone1

Tellier

Tapia

Faugeron

et al. 2011

Journal of Phycology

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During secondary contact between phylogenetically closely related species (sibling species) having diverged in allopatry, the maintenance of species integrity depends on intrinsic and extrinsic reproductive barriers. In kelps (Phaeophyceae), the observations of hybrids in laboratory conditions suggest that reproductive isolation is incomplete. However, not all interspecific crosses are successful, and very few hybrids have been observed in nature, despite the co-occurrence of many kelp species in sympatry. This suggests that there are reproductive barriers that maintain species integrity. In this study, we characterized the fine genetic structure of a secondary contact zone to clarify the extent of reproductive isolation between two sister species. In Lessonia nigrescens Bory (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) species complex, two cryptic species have been recently found out from gene phylogenies, and-waiting for a formal taxonomic description-we used their geographic distribution to name them (northern and southern species). We studied 12 populations, distributed along 50 km of coastline, and employed two molecular approaches, assigning individuals to phylogenetic species according to a diagnostic mitochondrial marker (351 individuals analyzed) and quantifying interspecific gene flow with four microsatellite markers (248 individuals analyzed). No hybridization or introgression was revealed, indicating complete reproductive isolation in natural conditions. Unexpectedly, our study demonstrated that the two species were strictly segregated in space. This absence of co-occurrence along the contact zone can partially explain the lack of hybridization, raising new interesting questions as to the mechanisms that limit sympatry at small spatial scales.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…1998, Whitmer 2002, Collens 2008, Dolman and Coleman 2008, Engel et al. 2008, Alberto et al. 2009, Faugeron et al.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Lessonia Nigrescens Species Complex (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) Shows Strict Parapatry and Complete Reproductive Isolation in a Secondary Contact Zone1

Tellier

Tapia

Faugeron

et al. 2011

Journal of Phycology

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“…Thus, when adults are present, delayed stages may help maintain genetic diversity by contributing new recruits. Field investigations are needed to test these hypotheses for kelps; the tools needed to investigate M. pyrifera population genetics have recently become available (see Alberto et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and experimental evidence for a mixed‐age, mixed‐origin bank of kelp microscopic stages in southern California

Carney

Bohonak

Edwards

et al. 2013

Ecology

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Laboratory studies have demonstrated that the microscopic stages of kelps can rapidly resume development from a delayed state. Like terrestrial seeds or aquatic resting eggs, banks of delayed kelp stages may supplement population recovery after periods of stress, playing an important role for kelp populations that experience adult sporophyte absences due to seasonal or interannual disturbances. We found that removing the microscopic stages from natural rock substratum could prevent the appearance of juvenile kelp sporophytes for three months and the establishment of a diverse kelp assemblage for over four months within a southern California kelp forest. Juveniles were observed within one month in plots where microscopic stages were left intact, which may confer an advantage for the resulting sporophytes as they attain larger sizes before later recruiting neighbors. Microsatellite diversity was high (expected heterozygosity HE approximately 0.9) for juveniles and adults within our sites. Using a microsatellite-based parentage analysis for the dominant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, we estimated that a portion of the new M. pyrifera sporophyte recruits had originated from their parents at least seven months after their parents had disappeared. Similar delay durations have been demonstrated in recent laboratory studies. Additionally, our results suggest that zoospore dispersal distances > 50 m may be supported by including additional microsatellite loci in the analysis. We propose a mixed-age and, potentially, a mixed-origin bank of M. pyrifera gametophytes promotes maximal genetic diversity in recovering populations and reduces population genetic subdivision and self-fertilization rates for intact populations by promoting the survival of zoospores dispersed > 10 m and during inhospitable environmental conditions.

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“…Tissue samples were collected from approximately 50 individuals of Pterygophora californica in summer 2010 at the same nine sites previously sampled for Macrocystis pyrifera along the mainland coast of the Santa Barbara Channel, California ( A single blade was collected from each individual by divers and transported to the laboratory in a cool insulated container. Raw allele sizes were scored with STRand (http://www.vgl.ucdavis.edu/informatic s/STRand), binned and reviewed for ambiguities using the R package MsatAllele (Alberto et al 2009). Genomic DNA was extracted using the Nucleospin 96 Plant Kit (Macherey-Nagel, Germany).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seascape genetics of the stalked kelp Pterygophora californica and comparative population genetics in the Santa Barbara Channel

Hargarten

Johansson

Reed

et al. 2019

Journal of Phycology

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We conducted a population genetic analysis of the stalked kelp, Pterygophora californica, in the Santa Barbara Channel, California, USA. The results were compared with previous work on the genetic differentiation of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, in the same region. These two sympatric kelps not only share many life history and dispersal characteristics but also differ in that dislodged P. californica does not produce floating rafts with buoyant fertile sporophytes, commonly observed for M. pyrifera. We used a comparative population genetic approach with these two species to test the hypothesis that the ability to produce floating rafts increases the genetic connectivity among kelp patches in the Santa Barbara Channel. We quantified the association of habitat continuity and oceanographic distance with the genetic differentiation observed in stalked kelp, like previously conducted for giant kelp. We compared both overall (across all patches) and pairwise (between patches) genetic differentiation. We found that oceanographic transit time, habitat continuity, and geographic distance were all associated with genetic connectivity in P. californica, supporting similar previous findings for M. pyrifera. Controlling for differences in heterozygosity between kelp species using Jost's DEST, we showed that global differentiation and pairwise differentiation were similar among patches between the two kelp species, indicating that they have similar dispersal capabilities despite their differences in rafting ability. These results suggest that rafting sporophytes do not play a significant role in effective dispersal of M. pyrifera at ecologically relevant spatial and temporal scales.

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Microsatellite markers for the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera

Cited by 20 publications

References 6 publications

The Lessonia Nigrescens Species Complex (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) Shows Strict Parapatry and Complete Reproductive Isolation in a Secondary Contact Zone1

The Lessonia Nigrescens Species Complex (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) Shows Strict Parapatry and Complete Reproductive Isolation in a Secondary Contact Zone1

Genetic and experimental evidence for a mixed‐age, mixed‐origin bank of kelp microscopic stages in southern California

Seascape genetics of the stalked kelp Pterygophora californica and comparative population genetics in the Santa Barbara Channel

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