Microsatellite genetic diversity and mating systems in the columnar cactus Pachycereus pringlei (Cactaceae)

Gutiérrez-Flores, Carina; León, Francisco J. Garcı́a de; Luz, José Luis León de la; Cota-Sánchez, J. Hugo

doi:10.1016/j.ppees.2016.06.003

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…During past geological events, the southern BCP, including ICE and ICA Islands, exhibited suitable niche conditions that served as refugia for populations of P. pringlei during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), as evidenced by Ecological Niche Modelling (Gutiérrez-Flores et al 2016). Consequently, we suggest that ICE and ICA could be the relicts of a southern BCP diploid ancestor of P. pringlei from which both the polyploid and unisexual conditions gradually evolved in concert in mainland BCP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike most cacti, this taxon exhibits variation in genders and breeding systems (Fleming et al 1998, Medel-Narváez 2008, Gutiérrez-Flores et al 2016, 2017). While the vegetative morphological variability in this species is seemingly conservative to the extent that the species can be easily recognized by these attributes, the existence of polymorphism in floral traits associated with breeding systems and geographic distribution of populations is highly diverse, suggesting reproductive isolation (Gutiérrez-Flores et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the vegetative morphological variability in this species is seemingly conservative to the extent that the species can be easily recognized by these attributes, the existence of polymorphism in floral traits associated with breeding systems and geographic distribution of populations is highly diverse, suggesting reproductive isolation (Gutiérrez-Flores et al 2017). Recent studies of neutral genetic variation (Gutiérrez-Flores 2015, Gutiérrez-Flores et al 2016) identified five genetic populations of P. pringlei unexpectedly associated with different breeding systems, namely two hermaphrodite populations restricted to Catalana and Cerralvo Islands in the Gulf of California, a mainly dioecious assemblage in Cabo San Lucas (CBS) at the tip of the BCP, another trioecious cohort from CBS to northern BCP (~28°N), and a mostly gynodioecious population in northern BCP and the coast of Sonora in mainland Mexico.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biogeographic distribution pattern of P. pringlei has been driven by longstanding climatic fluctuations associated with differential colonization abilities of genders, geographic variation of selfing and outcrossing rates, and the effect of biotic and abiotic factors (Gutiérrez-Flores et al 2016, 2017). As a result, the spatial segregation of genders in P. pringlei has long been a magnet to ecologists, geneticists, and systematists (Fleming et al 1994, 1998, Molina-Freaner et al 2003, Gutiérrez-Flores et al 2016, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the spatial segregation of genders in P. pringlei has long been a magnet to ecologists, geneticists, and systematists (Fleming et al 1994, 1998, Molina-Freaner et al 2003, Gutiérrez-Flores et al 2016, 2017). Even so, several important evolutionary questions, such as the distribution of chromosome numbers and whether the diploid condition is dominant over a polyploid condition influencing the evolution and diversity of this cactus, remain unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in chromosome number and breeding systems: implications for diversification in Pachycereus pringlei (Cactaceae)

Gutiérrez-Flores¹,

Luz²,

León³

et al. 2018

CCG

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Polyploidy, the possession of more than two sets of chromosomes, is a major biological process affecting plant evolution and diversification. In the Cactaceae, genome doubling has also been associated with reproductive isolation, changes in breeding systems, colonization ability, and speciation. Pachycereus pringlei (S. Watson, 1885) Britton & Rose, 1909, is a columnar cactus that has long drawn the attention of ecologists, geneticists, and systematists due to its wide distribution range and remarkable assortment of breeding systems in the Mexican Sonoran Desert and the Baja California Peninsula (BCP). However, several important evolutionary questions, such as the distribution of chromosome numbers and whether the diploid condition is dominant over a potential polyploid condition driving the evolution and diversity in floral morphology and breeding systems in this cactus, are still unclear. In this study, we determined chromosome numbers in 11 localities encompassing virtually the entire geographic range of distribution of P. pringlei. Our data revealed the first diploid (2n = 22) count in this species restricted to the hermaphroditic populations of Catalana (ICA) and Cerralvo (ICE) Islands, whereas the tetraploid (2n = 44) condition is consistently distributed throughout the BCP and mainland Sonora populations distinguished by a non-hermaphroditic breeding system. These results validate a wider distribution of polyploid relative to diploid individuals and a shift in breeding systems coupled with polyploidisation. Considering that the diploid base number and hermaphroditism are the proposed ancestral conditions in Cactaceae, we suggest that ICE and ICA populations represent the relicts of a southern diploid ancestor from which both polyploidy and unisexuality evolved in mainland BCP, facilitating the northward expansion of this species. This cytogeographic distribution in conjunction with differences in floral attributes suggests the distinction of the diploid populations as a new taxonomic entity. We suggest that chromosome doubling in conjunction with allopatric distribution, differences in neutral genetic variation, floral traits, and breeding systems has driven the reproductive isolation, evolution, and diversification of this columnar cactus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in chromosome number and breeding systems: implications for diversification in Pachycereus pringlei (Cactaceae)

Gutiérrez-Flores¹,

Luz²,

León³

et al. 2018

CCG

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Divergent lineages in a young species: The case of datilillo (Yucca valida), a broadly distributed plant from the Baja California Peninsula

Aleman,

Arteaga,

Gasca‐Pineda

et al. 2024

American J of Botany

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PremiseGlobally, barriers triggered by climatic changes have caused habitat fragmentation and population allopatric divergence. Across North America, oscillations during the Quaternary have played important roles in the distribution of wildlife. Notably, diverse plant species from the Baja California Peninsula in western North America, isolated during the Pleistocene glacial–interglacial cycles, exhibit strong genetic structure and highly concordant divergent lineages across their ranges. A representative plant genus of the peninsula is Yucca, with Y. valida having the widest range. Although a dominant species, it has an extensive distribution discontinuity between 26° N and 27° N, suggesting restricted gene flow. Moreover, historical distribution models indicate the absence of an area with suitable conditions for the species during the Last Interglacial, making it an interesting model for studying genetic divergence.MethodsWe assembled 4411 SNPs from 147 plants of Y. valida throughout its range to examine its phylogeography to identify the number of genetic lineages, quantify their genetic differentiation, reconstruct their demographic history and estimate the age of the species.ResultsThree allopatric lineages were identified based on the SNPs. Our analyses support that genetic drift is the driver of genetic differentiation among these lineages. We estimated an age of less than 1 million years for the common ancestor of Y. valida and its sister species.ConclusionsHabitat fragmentation caused by climatic changes, low dispersal, and an extensive geographical range gap acted as cumulative mechanisms leading to allopatric divergence in Y. valida.

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Coalescent‐based species delimitation in North American pinyon pines using low‐copy nuclear genes and plastomes

Montes

Peláez

Moreno‐Letelier

et al. 2022

American J of Botany

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Premise: Accurate species delimitation is essential for evolutionary biology, conservation, and biodiversity management. We studied species delimitation in North American pinyon pines, Pinus subsection Cembroides, a natural group with high levels of incomplete lineage sorting. Methods: We used coalescent-based methods and multivariate analyses of low-copy number nuclear genes and nearly complete high-copy number plastomes generated with the Hyb-Seq method. The three coalescent-based species delimitation methods evaluated were the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC), Poisson Tree Process (PTP), and Trinomial Distribution of Triplets (Tr2). We also measured admixture in populations with possible introgression. Results: Our results show inconsistencies among GMYC, PTP, and Tr2. The singlelocus based GMYC analysis of plastid DNA recovered a higher number of species (up to 24 entities, including singleton lineages and clusters) than PTP and the multilocus coalescent approach. The PTP analysis identified 10 species whereas Tr2 recovered 13, which agreed closely with taxonomic treatments. Conclusions: We found that PTP and GMYC identified species with low levels of ILS and high morphological divergence (P. maximartinezii, P. pinceana, and P. rzedowskii). However, GMYC method oversplit species by identification of more divergent samples as singletons. Moreover, both PTP and GMYC were incapable of identifying some species that are readily identified morphologically. We suggest that the divergence times between lineages within North American pinyon pines are so disparate that GMYC results are unreliable. Results of the Tr2 method coincided well with previous delimitations based on morphology, DNA, geography, and secondary chemistry.

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Microsatellite genetic diversity and mating systems in the columnar cactus Pachycereus pringlei (Cactaceae)

Cited by 32 publications

References 59 publications

Variation in chromosome number and breeding systems: implications for diversification in Pachycereus pringlei (Cactaceae)

Variation in chromosome number and breeding systems: implications for diversification in Pachycereus pringlei (Cactaceae)

Divergent lineages in a young species: The case of datilillo (Yucca valida), a broadly distributed plant from the Baja California Peninsula

Coalescent‐based species delimitation in North American pinyon pines using low‐copy nuclear genes and plastomes

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