Microsatellite-based genotyping of Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto isolates reveals dominance and persistence of a particular epidemiological clone among neonatal intensive care unit patients

Different scenarios for Candida parapsilosis fungaemia reveal high numbers of mixed C. parapsilosis and Candida orthopsilosis infections

“…The identification in this study of genetically related isolates, persistently isolated from BSI occurring in different patients in the same hospital, sometimes over several years, further reinforces the environmental acquisition of these infections. The temporal persistence of single C. parapsilosis strains over long periods of time in the same hospital or ward has been described in other studies, and was also associated with outbreaks (Á smundsdó ttir et al, 2008;Romeo et al, 2013;Viviani et al, 2006).…”

“…The occurrence of genetic changes in a strain has been described in catheter-colonizing isolates rather than in blood isolates, for C. parapsilosis (Romeo et al, 2013) as well as for C. albicans (Shin et al, 2004). However, regardless of their origin (blood or catheter), there was a statistically significant correlation between the identity of the isolate and the date of collection (P50.0179).…”

“…The discrimination of C. parapsilosis strains is fundamental not only for the rapid identification of the strains involved in the infection but also to clarify nosocomial cross-transmission and possible routes of transmission in hospital settings (van Asbeck et al, 2009). Since the description of a microsatellite multiplex strategy for C. parapsilosis strain differentiation (Sabino et al, 2010), this method has been applied in several studies mainly regarding outbreaks (Diab-Elschahawi et al, 2012;Romeo et al, 2013;Vaz et al, 2011) and is described as the most discriminatory method for C. parapsilosis strain differentiation. Herein, we used this method to genotype presumed C. parapsilosis isolates involved in fungaemia episodes from three hospitals in Brazil and to determine the patterns of relatedness of the isolates, including the pair identified in the bloodstream/catheter.…”

Molecular Mechanisms of Fluconazole Resistance in Candida parapsilosis Isolates from a U.S. Surveillance System

“…andida species in general and Candida parapsilosis in particular are opportunistic pathogens frequently responsible for hospital-acquired infections (1)(2)(3). While the burden of C. parapsilosis varies geographically and by patient population, C. parapsilosis is responsible for about 12 to 17% of cases of candidemia in the United States (4-6) and is identified in many studies to be the second or third most common cause of candidemia both in the United States and internationally, with the average mortality rate being 29% (range, 4% to 45%) (7).…”

Investigation of an unrecognized large-scale outbreak of Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto fungaemia in a tertiary-care hospital in China

“…This organism is the main Candida species responsible for a significant proportion of outbreaks of nosocomial fungaemia, particularly in neonate intensive care units (NICUs)131415161718. However, there are limited studies exclusively assessing the epidemiology of candidaemia caused by C. parapsilosis in China, and no description of C. parapsilosis clustering or outbreak cases has been reported to date19.…”