MicroRNAs Profiling in HIV, HCV, and HIV/HCV Co-Infected Patients

Abstract

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) an hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are important public health issues. Objective: This study aimed to assess the association between microRNAs expression level and immunological and viral markers in HIV, HCV, and HIV/HCV coinfected patients. Method: The expression level of miR-29, miR-149, miR-199, miR-let7, miR-223, miR-155, miR-122, and miR-150 was evaluated in 20 HIV, 20 HCV, 20 coinfected patients and 20 healthy controls using real-time PCR assay. HIV and HCV viral loads were measured by real-time PCR and also, CD4+ T-lymphocyte count was measured by the PIMA CD4 analyzer. Result: The miRNA expression pattern in each mentioned group showed significantly different expression profiles, but some miRNA species were shared between the groups. MiR-122 and miR-155 were up-regulated while miR-29 and miR-223 were down-regulated in three patients groups compared to healthy controls. A significant positive correlation was observed between the expression of miR-122 and HIV/HCV loads. But, miR-29 and let-7 were negatively correlated with HIV load, and miR149 and let-7 were negatively correlated with HCV load. Also, miR-155 was positively correlated with HCV load. MiR-122 and miR-199 were negatively while others were positively correlated with CD4+ T cell count. Conclusion: These miRNAs are probably involved in the clinical progression and pathogenesis of HIV and HCV infections. Therefore, determining and manipulating of these miRNAs can lead to opening a new gate to control of these important infections.

Different HCV Exposure Drives Specific miRNA Profile in PBMCs of HIV Patients

“…Therefore, miR-122-5p downregulation might allow COPA and OSBP expression in HIV/HCV patients, promoting HCV replication in PBMCs. In line with our results, Moghoofei et al 2021 also reported that hsa-miR-122-5p was differentially expressed in PBMCs of both HIV, HCV and HIV/HCV patients [17]. These outcomes indicate that both HCV and HIV influence the expression of hsa-miR-122-5p not only in liver cells but also in PBMCs.…”

“…To date, only scarce data have been published regarding the miRNA profile of HIV/HCV patients [ 17 , 18 ], none of them with a massive approach and even less focused on spontaneous clarifiers.…”

Nucleic acid biomarkers to assess graft injury after liver transplantation

“…Mir-122 is the only miRNA that was found to be associated with each of these conditions. [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] As one of the earliest examples of tissue-specific miRNAs, miR-122 is of heightened interest as a marker of liver injury. 80,81 Upon its discovery, investigators found that mir-122 accounted for 72% of all miRNAs cloned from the livers of mice.…”

“… miR-155 46 ⇧ 🅜  miR-29 46 ⇩ 🅜  miR-223 46 ⇩ 🅜  miR-199 46 ⇧ 🅜  miR-122-5p 46,47 ⇧ 🅜  miR-449a 57 ⇧ 🅣  miR-885-5p 58 ⇧ 🅢  miR-122 59 ⇧ 🅢…”

Potential role of micro ribonucleic acids in screening for anal cancer in human papilloma virus and human immunodeficiency virus related malignancies

“…Major limitations include the absence of studies implementing computational models to identify these miRNAs, technical issues associated with conventional miRNA extraction and detection tools, and scarcity of anal cancer in vitro and in vivo models. Ongoing studies are still being conducted to study miRNA profiles during HIV[ 125 - 127 ] and HPV[ 128 - 130 ] infections. With the appropriate application of advanced bioinformatic analysis tools and computational models, the identification of the most predictive miRNAs, even from complex datasets would be possible.…”