MicroRNAs: Milk's epigenetic regulators

The effect of milk consumption on acne: a meta‐analysis of observational studies

“…It is now clear from the literatures that the pasteurized milk still contains bioactive microRNAs, 40,41 that function as epigenetic regulators, 42 whereas microRNAs such as microRNA-148a are destroyed in ultraheated or boiled milk. First, only four cohort studies included in our meta-analysis, which limited the further subgroup analysis by study design.…”

Milk MicroRNAs in Health and Disease

“…The same way as for other biological fluids, the detection of microRNAs in milk from various species (Melnik, ; Melnik & Schmitz, ) opened the way for prognostic, diagnostic, and functional studies on milk microRNAs (Cui, Zhou, Ross, & Zempleni, ; Zempleni et al., 2016), especially because milk is the biological fluid that contains the highest level of microRNAs relative to its volume (Weber et al., ).…”

“…MicroRNA hsa‐miR‐148a‐3p is consistently the most abundant microRNA in breast milk, most likely because of its importance for lactation and its enrichment in mammary gland cells (Chen et al., ; Do, Dudemaine, Li, & Ibeagha‐Awemu, ; Gu et al., ; Muroya et al., ). It is then with little surprise that this microRNA is the most studied milk microRNA (Benmoussa et al., ; Golan‐Gerstl et al., ; Melnik, ; Melnik & Schmitz, , ; Simpson et al., ; van Herwijnen et al., ). Other less‐expressed microRNAs have nevertheless been investigated in breast milk, like the immunity‐related microRNAs hsa‐miR‐223 or hsa‐miR‐146a (Iannaccone et al., ; Liao et al., ; Perri et al., ; van Herwijnen et al., ).…”

“…If these microRNAs were to be bioactive upon ingestion, then understanding their biology and their profiles would be of tremendous importance in milk formulations for infants (Zempleni et al., ). This would also be a paradigm shift in modeling the co‐evolution of individuals and their food, and it could also be a matter of concern in public health (Melnik & Schmitz, ). Finally, the functionalization of such mechanism could lead to new types of therapies based of microRNAs to targets hard‐to‐manage diseases or even harmful bacteria (Le Doare, Holder, Bassett, & Pannaraj, ; Liu et al., ; Manca et al., ; Tome‐Carneiro et al., ).…”

Specific nutritional infections early in life as risk factors for human colon and breast cancers several decades later

“…Specific microRNAs are upregulated in inflammation and cancers: these accounts for miR‐21, miR‐155 and miR‐210 . MiRNAs have been identified in bovine milk . Chronic inflammation in the affected colon target cells should result in increased mutational load .…”