MicroRNAs: key regulators of stem cells

Gangaraju, Vamsi K.; Lin, Haifan

doi:10.1038/nrm2621

Cited by 654 publications

(523 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…11 Recent research indicates that microRNAs have an important role in regulating stem cell self-renewal and differentiation by repressing the translation of target mRNAs in stem cells and their differentiating daughter cells. 45,46 The expression of microRNA after differentiation of neural stem cells corresponds with cell lineage. MiR-124 and miR-128 are specific to the neural lineage, whereas miR-26, miR-29, and miR-23 are expressed preferentially in astrocytic lineages.…”

Section: Micrornas In Neural Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNAs and glioblastoma; the stem cell connection

et al. 2009

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Recent data draw close parallels between cancer, including glial brain tumors, and the biology of stem and progenitor cells. At the same time, it has become clear that one of the major roles that microRNAs play is in the regulation of stem cell biology, differentiation, and cell 'identity'. For example, microRNAs have been increasingly implicated in the regulation of neural differentiation. Interestingly, initial studies in the incurable brain tumor glioblastoma multiforme strongly suggest that microRNAs involved in neural development play a role in this disease. This encourages the idea that certain miRs allow continued tumor growth through the suppression of differentiation and the maintenance of the stem cell-like properties of tumor cells. These concepts will be explored in this article.

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Section: Micrornas In Neural Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNAs and glioblastoma; the stem cell connection

et al. 2009

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“…Since miRNAs can function by maintaining terminal differentiation and inducing developmental transitions, there has been a growing interest in miRNAs for stimulating stem cells to adopt specific lineages, reprogramming of differentiated cells to induce pluripotency [18][19][20] and, in general, for improving our understanding of stem cell biology [21][22][23]. As drivers or mediators of pathology, miRNAs are promising therapeutic targets.…”

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confidence: 99%

Epigenetics and ncRNAs in Brain Function and Disease: Mechanisms and Prospects for Therapy

2013

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The most fundamental roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and epigenetic mechanisms are the guidance of cellular differentiation in development and the regulation of gene expression in adult tissues. In brain, both ncRNAs and the various epigenetic gene regulatory mechanisms play a fundamental role in neurogenesis and normal neuronal function. Thus, epigenetic chromatin remodelling can render coding sites transcriptionally inactive by DNA methylation, histone modifications or antisense RNA interactions. On the other hand, microRNAs (miRNAs) are ncRNA molecules that can regulate the expression of hundreds of genes post-transcriptionally, typically recognising binding sites in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of mRNA transcripts. Furthermore, there are a myriad of interactions in the interface of miRNAs and epigenetics. For example, epigenetic mechanisms can silence miRNA coding sites, and miRNAs can be the effectors of transcriptional gene silencing, targeting complementary promoters or silencing the expression of epigenetic modifier genes like MECP2 and EZH2 leading to global changes in the epigenome. Alterations in this regulatory machinery play a key role in the pathology of complex disorders including cancer and neurological diseases. For example, miRNA genes are frequently inactivated by epimutations in gliomas. Here we describe the interactions between epigenetic and ncRNA regulatory systems and discuss therapeutic potential, with an emphasis on tumors, cognitive disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.

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“…For example, miRNAs have been shown to be key regulators for the induction or maintenance of cell fate in plants (Carlsbecker et al 2010), mammalian cells (Cardinali et al 2009), cancer , and stem cells (Gunaratne 2009;Gangaraju and Lin 2009). Furthermore, miRNAs can serve as biomarkers (Baker 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Normalization strategies for microRNA profiling experiments: a ‘normal’ way to a hidden layer of complexity?

2010

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To cite this version:Swanhild U. Meyer, Michael W. Pfaffl, Susanne E. Ulbrich. Normalization strategies for microRNA profiling experiments: a 'normal' way to a hidden layer of complexity?. Biotechnology Letters, Springer Verlag, 2010, 32 (12) review provides a critical overview of commonly used and newly developed normalization methods for miRNA RT-qPCR, miRNA hybridization microarray, and small RNA-seq datasets. Emphasis is laid on the complexity, the importance and the potential for further optimization of normalization techniques for miRNA profiling datasets.

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MicroRNAs: key regulators of stem cells

Cited by 654 publications

References 70 publications

MicroRNAs and glioblastoma; the stem cell connection

MicroRNAs and glioblastoma; the stem cell connection

Epigenetics and ncRNAs in Brain Function and Disease: Mechanisms and Prospects for Therapy

Normalization strategies for microRNA profiling experiments: a ‘normal’ way to a hidden layer of complexity?

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