MicroRNAome: Potential and Veritable Immunomolecular Therapeutic and Diagnostic Baseline for Lingering Bovine Endometritis

Abstract

The bovine endometrium is a natural pathogen invasion barrier of the uterine tissues' endometrial epithelial cells that can resist foreign pathogen invasion by controlling the inflammatory immune response. Some pathogens suppress the innate immune system of the endometrium, leading to prolonged systemic inflammatory response through the blood circulation or cellular degradation resulting in bovine endometritis by bacterial endotoxins. The microRNA (miRNA) typically involves gene expression in multicellular organisms in post-transcription regulation by affecting both the stability and the translation of messenger RNA. Accumulated evidence suggests that miRNAs are important regulators of genes in several cellular processes. They are a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs, which play pivotal roles in the inflammatory response of reproductive diseases. Studies confirmed that miRNAs play a key regulatory role in various inflammatory diseases by mediating the molecular mechanism of inflammatory cytokines via signal pathways. It implicates some miRNAs in the occurrence of bovine endometritis, resorting to regulating the activities of some inflammatory cytokines, chemokine, differentially expressed genes, and protein through modulating of specific cellular signal pathways functions. This review dwells on improving the knowledge of the role of miRNAs involvement in inflammatory response as to early diagnosis, control, and prevention of bovine endometritis and consequently enlighten on the molecular improvement of the genes coded by various differentially expressed miRNA through the need to adopt recent genetic technologies and the development of new pharmaceutical preparations.

Exosomes derived from BMSCs with miR-124-3p inhibitor protects against LPS-induced endometritis through regulation of DUSP6, p-p65 and p-ERK

“…It has been reported that miRNAs can regulate cell growth and tissue differentiation. Therefore, miRNAs widely contributed to the development of organisms and the occurrence of diseases like endometritis 19,27,28 . For example, LPS promoted the expressions of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β in human HEECs, and the effect of LPS was inhibited by miR-643 29 .…”

MicroRNA miR-24-3p Mediates the Negative Regulation of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endometrial Inflammatory Response by Targeting TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6 (TRAF6)

“…The molecular events that lead to the development, progression and resolution of Endometritis are critical in evaluating its pathophysiology; 45 however, understanding how these molecular events are regulated will contribute to identifying molecular markers and therapeutic strategies that can be used to resolve ongoing inflammation postpartum endometrium in dairy cows. 46 The establishment and development of Endometritis depend partly on the balance of host defensive response and bacterial species. 4 , 7–9 LPS is the main component of Gram-negative bacteria cell walls, and LPS-induced Endometritis or uterine injury exhibits severe endometrial damage.…”

Measuring miRNA in Livestock Using Sensor Technologies: Challenges and Potential Approaches

“…NGS is a valuable tool for investigating the complexity of the miRNA transcriptome. NGS is a unique method most commonly used in animal science and veterinary research [53]. The use of high-throughput NGS technologies in livestock research has enabled not only developments in metagenomics and genome-wide association studies but also an elucidation of the role of miRNAs in livestock health.…”