MicroRNA Regulation of Human Breast Cancer Stem Cells

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in virtually all biological processes, including stem cell maintenance, differentiation, and development. The dysregulation of miRNAs is associated with many human diseases including cancer. We have identified a set of miRNAs differentially expressed between human breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) and non-tumorigenic cancer cells. In addition, these miRNAs are similarly upregulated or downregulated in normal mammary stem/progenitor cells. In this review, we mainly describe the miRNAs that are dysregulated in human breast CSCs directly isolated from clinical specimens. The miRNAs and their clusters, such as the miR-200 clusters, miR-183 cluster, miR-221-222 cluster, let-7, miR-142 and miR-214, target the genes and pathways important for stem cell maintenance, such as the self-renewal gene BMI1, apoptosis, Wnt signaling, Notch signaling, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In addition, the current evidence shows that metastatic breast CSCs acquire a phenotype that is different from the CSCs in a primary site. Thus, clarifying the miRNA regulation of the metastatic breast CSCs will further advance our understanding of the roles of human breast CSCs in tumor progression.

Meme kanseri kök hücrelerinde elajik asit ile indüklenmiş miRNA’ların ifadesi ve elajik asidin apoptoz üzerine etkisi

“…miRNA-200 ailesi üyelerinin meme kanserinde epitelyal mezenkimal geçiş mekanizmasının baskılayıcıları olduğu bilinmektedir. miRNA ailesi üyelerinin ifadesi, kök hücre fonksiyonunun devamlılığının korunabilmesi için meme kanseri kök hücrelerinde düşüktür (21,(43)(44)(45). Bu çalışmada, EA uygulaması meme kanseri kök hücrelerinde miRNA-200 aile üyesi olan miR200b-3p ve miR-200c-3p'nin ifadelerini düşürmüştür.…”

“…Bununla birlikte, bu farklılık meme kanser hücreleri ve kanseri kök hücreleri arasında da gözlenmektedir (20). Meme kanseri kök hücrelerinde, hücre apoptozunu indükleyici ve hücre bölünmesini inhibe eden miRNA ifadelerinin azaldığı bilinmektedir (21). Fare meme karsinogenez modelinde, EA'nın östrojen ilişkili tümör oluşumunda etkili olan anormal miRNA ifadelerini tersine çevirdiği gösterilmiştir (22).…”

Targeting cancer stem cells and signaling pathways by phytochemicals: Novel approach for breast cancer therapy

“…Bmi1) and pathways (Notch, Hedgehog, Hippo, and Wnt) are important in the maintenance of stem cells. Shimono et al [130] recently summarized the current involvement of miRNAs and their clusters (miR-200 clusters, miR-183 cluster, miR-221-222 cluster, let-7, miR-142 and miR-214) in human breast CSCs. Resveratrol was shown to promote the expression and activity of Argonaute2 (Ago2) and thereby decreased breast CSCs-like characteristics by enhancing the expression of a number of tumor-suppressive microRNAs, such as miR-16, -141, -143, and -200c [131].…”

Targeting Strategies for Renal Cell Carcinoma: From Renal Cancer Cells to Renal Cancer Stem Cells

“…MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been described in various cancers, including prostate cancer, glioblastoma, and breast cancer (Liu and Tang, 2011; Shimono et al, 2015). They are non-coding, small, single-stranded RNA molecules, that play a significant role in posttranscriptional gene regulation and are essential in sustaining normal pluripotent embryonic stem cells in mice (Melton et al, 2010).…”