MicroRNA implications in the etiopathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis

Abstract

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease that affects both axial and peripheral skeletons as well as soft tissues. Recent investigations offer that disease pathogenesis is ascribed to a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. Until now, there is no appropriate method for early diagnosis of AS and the successful available therapy for AS patients stay largely undefined. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous small noncoding RNAs controlling the functions of target mRNAs and cellular processes, are present in human plasma in a stable form and have appeared as possible biomarkers for activity, pathogenesis, and prognosis of the disease. In the present review, we have tried to summarize the recent findings related to miRNAs in AS development and discuss the possible utilization of these molecules as prognostic biomarkers or important therapeutic strategies for AS. Further examinations are needed to determine the unique miRNAs signatures in AS and characterize the mechanisms mediated by miRNAs in the pathology of this disease.

Susceptibility to ERAP1 gene single nucleotide polymorphism modulates the inflammatory cytokine setting in ankylosing spondylitis

“…Inflammation in AS has been suggested to be the underlying factor that causes bone erosion and bone proliferation . Like other autoimmune disorders, AS pathogenesis has been attributed to complicated interactions of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental contributing factors . The human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐B27, found in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region, has long been blamed as the major genetic culprit in AS pathogenesis; nonetheless, it accounts for only a portion of the overall genetic risks in AS .…”

Rheumatologic complications in a cohort of 227 patients with common variable immunodeficiency

“…The pathogenic mechanism of rheumatologic diseases in CVID is not yet recognized. However, increased autoreactive B cell such as CD21 low B cell, autoantibodies, reduced number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and abnormalities in cytokine production may result in autoimmune conditions and rheumatologic diseases . Moreover, decreased IL‐10‐producing regulatory B cells (which play an important role in the development of Tregs and peripheral tolerance) have been reported in patients with CVID.…”

The role of microRNAs in prostate cancer migration, invasion, and metastasis

“…Beyond proteins and messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which have revealed clinical values in different clinical scenarios, there is a rising interest in the possible application of microRNAs (miRNAs) as promising PCa biomarkers. miRNAs are short noncoding single stranded RNA molecules, composed of approximately 18-22 nucleotides with a wide modulatory activity on molecular signaling pathways (Hemmatzadeh, Mohammadi, Jadidi-Niaragh, Asghari, & Yousefi, 2016;Hemmatzadeh, Mohammadi, Karimi, Musavishenas, & Baradaran, 2016;Mohammadi et al, 2018;Saidi et al, 2017). Stable miRNAs are usually identified in biological fluids, such as serum and plasma.…”