MicroRNA as a Novel Biomarker in the Diagnosis of Head and Neck Cancer

Kabziński, Jacek; Maczynska, Monika; Majsterek, Ireneusz

doi:10.3390/biom11060844

Cited by 31 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 176 publications

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“…The dysregulation of these miRNAs has been shown to affect cancer hallmarks, including uncontrollable growth, resisting apoptosis, evading the immune system, inducing invasion and metastasis, and angiogenesis (Peng & Croce, 2016). In many cases, such regulatory miRNAs are found in reduced abundance or overexpressed in cancer cells and thus may act as highly selective biomarkers for particular types of cancer cells (Kabzinski et al, 2021.…”

Section: Rb and Cancer Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Oncolytic Adenovirotherapy to Induce Killing of Cancer Cells and Elicit Antitumor Immunity

Enekegho¹,

Stuart²

2022

Eureka

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Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, accounting for over 30% of all deaths in Canada. Various chemotherapy and therapeutic agents are currently in practice to help combat and treat cancerous growths and to lead to cancer remission. Virotherapy is an emerging treatment that uses biotechnology to convert viruses into therapeutic agents for the treatment of specific types of cancer. This process reprograms viruses to become oncolytic and target tumor cells in the body for lysis. It also uses these viruses to recruit inflammatory and vaccination responses by the immune system to help kill surrounding tumor cells while also establishing a long immune memory to help in the case of later infections. Adenoviruses are a group of viruses that infect the membranes of the respiratory tract, eyes, intestines, urinary tract, and nervous system of humans and causing fever as well as many cold symptoms. It is also a commonly used oncolytic virus and has been demonstrated in recent studies to be a great potential tool for eliciting appropriate inflammatory responses from the immune system to kill cancer cells and inducing cell-mediated immunity to prevent against later re-infection by the specific cancer type. Advances to this virotherapy has progressed towards overcoming tumor-mediated immunosuppression, which usually allows cancerous cells to evade the immune system and escape cell destruction, especially when combined with other therapy treatments. (Goradel et al., 2019). This review will focus on the mechanism as to how engineered modified viruses stimulate the immune system for cell killing and cell-mediated immunity. There will also be an examination of several research papers with some evidence to understand the synergy being oncolytic adenovirotherapy and the immune system function to kill cancer cells. Some disadvantages and issues with using this form of therapeutic treatment will also be presented, as well as some present and future research operating to fix these issues as well as increase the overall efficacy of this cancer treatment oncolytic adenovirotherapy.

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Section: Rb and Cancer Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Oncolytic Adenovirotherapy to Induce Killing of Cancer Cells and Elicit Antitumor Immunity

Enekegho¹,

Stuart²

2022

Eureka

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“…The advantageous features of miRNA, such as their short sequence, can protect them from degradation by endogenous RNase. Therefore, they are more stable in tissues (including fresh tissues and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues) or body fluids (such as blood, saliva, urine, and milk), making them an important diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for malignant tumors [9]. Recent studies have used miRNA expression profiles to define the diagnostic value of miRNA in HNSCC [10].…”

Section: Clinical Implications Of Mirna In Hnsccmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past two decades, massive next generation sequencing (NGS) and transcriptome profiling have provided much information for screening and searching for new cancer genes [7]. Among these studies, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as excellent biomarkers in the diagnosis of human diseases, including HNSCC [8][9][10][11]. In addition to their high tissue specificity, the main reason why miRNAs are ideal cancer biomarkers is their high stability in body fluids (including blood, urine, and saliva), even in paraffin-embedded specimens [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These criteria are necessary for a quick and accurate diagnostic process. Several studies have successfully applied miRNA expression signatures to determine cancer identification, diagnostic potential and treatment prognosis [9,[13][14][15], even with higher accuracy than using mRNA expression profiles [16]. In terms of molecular structure evolution, miRNAs are endogenous small non-coding RNA molecules, containing about 18-24 nucleotides that negatively regulate gene expression by binding to the 3 -untranslated regions (3 -UTR) of target mRNAs [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

MicroRNAs: Their Role in Metabolism, Tumor Microenvironment, and Therapeutic Implications in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Shiah

Chou

Chang

2021

Cancers

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression by binding to target mRNAs. Deregulated miRNAs can act as either oncogenic miRNAs or tumor suppressor miRNAs in controlling proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, metastasis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and immune responses, which are all involved in the carcinogenesis process of HNSCC. Recent findings have shown that metabolic reprogramming is an important hallmark of cancer, which is necessary for malignant transformation and tumor development. Some reprogrammed metabolisms are believed to be required for HNSCC against an unfavorable tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is composed of various cell types embedded in the altered extracellular matrix, among which exosomes, secreted by cancer cells, are one of the most important factors. Tumor-derived exosomes reshape the tumor microenvironment and play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication during HNSCC development. Exosomes encapsulate many biomolecules, including miRNAs, circulate in body fluids, and can transmit intercellular regulatory messages to nearby and distant sites, which indicates that exosomal miRNAs have the potential to become non-invasive biomarkers. This review aims to clarify the functions of diverse miRNAs in HNSCC metabolic reprogramming and tumor-derived exosomes. In addition, it also emphasizes the potential role of miRNA as a biomarker in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of HNSCC cancer.

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“…Janiszewska et al [ 9 ] established a direct interaction of mir-1290 with MAF transcription factor acting as suppressor of laryngeal cancer. The role and usefulness of micro-RNA as a biomarker of HNC is presented in review paper by Kabziński et al [ 10 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%