“…77,78 Focal adhesion kinase (encoded by PTK2) suppresses apoptosis but promotes growth, proliferation, survival, EMT, tumorigenesis, migration, and invasion of CC cells and its expression is positively correlated with the progression, metastasis, angiogenesis, and the poor prognosis and clinical outcomes of patients with CC. [79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86] The expression and activity of TNF-α (encoded by TNF) is associated with the apoptosis, chemosensitivity, DNA damage response, necrosis, proliferation, invasion, and EMT of CC cells, and its polymorphisms are further correlated with the risk of development, progression, and malignancy in patients with CC. [87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100] The genetic or epigenetic malfunction of p53 (encoded by TP53), a key tumor suppressor that coordinates the cell cycle process, proliferation, apoptosis, DNA damage repair, and metabolism, can drive CC pathogenesis; therefore, the restoration of its expression or functional activity has been suggested as a potential strategy for treating CC.…”