MicroRNA-214 in Health and Disease

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously expressed, non-coding RNA molecules that mediate the post-transcriptional repression and degradation of mRNAs by targeting their 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR). Thousands of miRNAs have been identified since their first discovery in 1993, and miR-214 was first reported to promote apoptosis in HeLa cells. Presently, miR-214 is implicated in an extensive range of conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, bone formation and cell differentiation. MiR-214 has shown pleiotropic roles in contributing to the progression of diseases such as gastric and lung cancers but may also confer cardioprotection against excessive fibrosis and oxidative damage. These contrasting functions are achieved through the diverse cast of miR-214 targets. Through silencing or overexpressing miR-214, the detrimental effects can be attenuated, and the beneficial effects promoted in order to improve health outcomes. Therefore, discovering novel miR-214 targets and understanding how miR-214 is dysregulated in human diseases may eventually lead to miRNA-based therapies. MiR-214 has also shown promise as a diagnostic biomarker in identifying breast cancer and coronary artery disease. This review provides an up-to-date discussion of miR-214 literature by describing relevant roles in health and disease, areas of disagreement, and the future direction of the field.

A designer DNA tetrahedron-based molecular beacon for tumor-related microRNA fluorescence imaging in living cells

“…It was reported that miR-214 in HUVEC cells is low in the absence of lesions. 45 However, miR-214 shows a higher expression level in breast cancer cells than in normal tissue. 42 Then images were collected using a confocal fluorescence microscope.…”

SL(2, C) Scheme Processing of Singularities in Quantum Computing and Genetics

“…First mir-214 was reported to promote apoptosis in HeLa cells. Presently, mi-214 is implicated in an extensive range of conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, bone formation and cell differentiation [28]. For mir-214-5p and the seed sequence GCCUGU, one finds the surface f (A2) 1,{1:0:0:0} (x, y, z) = xyz + y 2 + z 2 − 4 within G mir−214−5p (0, 0, 0, 0), as shown in Figure 5.…”

AAV-mediated delivery of osteoblast/osteoclast-regulating miRNAs for osteoporosis therapy

“…No adverse effects of rAAV9 carrying miR-214-3p TuD or miR-34a-5p in mice Previous studies have demonstrated that miR-214-3p plays roles in various biological processes, including skeletal development and homeostasis, cancer development, immune responses, skeletal muscle development, ischemic injury in the heart, and angiogenesis, 41 while miR-34a-5p is important for the regulation of multiple target genes involved in cancer cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion. [42][43][44] Given their expression and pleiotropic roles in various tissues, we tested whether rAAV9-mediated inhibition of miR-214-3p or overexpression of miR-34a-5p causes any untoward adverse effects on non-skeletal tissues.…”