MicroRNA-183 Family in Inner Ear: Hair Cell Development and Deafness

Abstract

miRNAs are essential factors of an extensively conserved post-transcriptional process controlling gene expression at mRNA level. Varoius biological processes such as growth and differentiation are regulated by miRNAs. Web of Science and PubMed databases were searched using the Endnote software for the publications about the role miRNA-183 family in inner ear: hair cell development and deafness published from 2000 to 2016. A triplet of these miRNAs particularly the miR-183 family is highly expressed in vertebrate hair cells, as with some of the peripheral neurosensory cells. Point mutations in one member of this family, miR-96, underlie DFNA50 autosomal deafness in humans and lead to abnormal hair cell development and survival in mice. In zebrafish, overexpression of the miR-183 family induces extra and ectopic hair cells, while knockdown decreases the number of hair cell. The miR-183 family (miR-183, miR-96 and miR-182) is expressed abundantly in some types of sensory cell in the eye, nose and inner ear. In the inner ear, mechanosensory hair cells have a robust expression level. Despite much similarity of these miRs sequences, small differences lead to distinct targeting of messenger RNAs targets. In the near future, miRNAs are likely to be explored as potential therapeutic agents to repair or regenerate hair cells, cell reprogramming and regenerative medicine applications in animal models because they can simultaneously down-regulate dozens or even hundreds of transcripts.

The Effect of the MicroRNA-183 Family on Hair Cell-Specific Markers of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…In the inner ear of vertebrates, miRNAs are assumed necessary for controlling the evolution and survival of hair cells [MahmoodianSani and Mehri-Ghahfarrokhi, 2017;Mahmoodian-Sani et al, 2016;Mahmoudian-Sani et al, 2017b;Ushakov et al, 2013]. Furthermore, dysfunctional regulatory activities of miRNAs are observed in sensorineural damage and other ear diseases, such as cholesteatoma and middle ear infection.…”

Comparison of Three Types of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (Bone Marrow, Adipose Tissue, and Umbilical Cord-Derived) as Potential Sources for Inner Ear Regeneration

“…Cell based researches include a wide range of attempts such as treatments to aid nerve protection 65,66 and regeneration or recovering cardiac tissue 67 . In this regard, various aspects of developmental biology and molecular signaling networks must be considered 68,69 . Multi differentiation potential of MSCs and their capability to migrate into acute injury location make these cells suitable candidate for gene and cell therapy [70][71][72][73][74] .…”

The role of microRNAs in human cancers

“…After exportin-5-and RanGTP-mediated transport to the cytoplasm, the pre-miRNA undergoes its final processing step, which consists of Dicer-dependent cleavage just below the stem loop to produce a duplex molecule. The duplex is then separated and usually one strand is selected as the mature miRNA and directed to target-specific mRNAs (13,24).…”